Glial influence on the blood brain barrier.
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TLDR
Recent findings related to the involvement of astrocytes and endothelial cells, including radial glial cells, in the induction of barrier properties during embryogenesis and adulthood are described.Abstract:
The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is a specialized vascular structure tightly regulating central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Endothelial cells are the central component of the BBB and control of their barrier phenotype resides on astrocytes and pericytes. Interactions between these cells and the endothelium promote and maintain many of the physiological and metabolic characteristics that are unique to the BBB. In this review we describe recent findings related to the involvement of astroglial cells, including radial glial cells, in the induction of barrier properties during embryogenesis and adulthood. In addition, we describe changes that occur in astrocytes and endothelial cells during injury and inflammation with a particular emphasis on alterations of the BBB phenotype.read more
Citations
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The Blood–Brain Barrier
Richard Daneman,Alexandre Prat +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding how these different cell populations interact to regulate the barrier properties is essential for understanding how the brain functions during health and disease.
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Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation
TL;DR: Evidence that astrocytes have crucial roles in attracting and restricting CNS inflammation, with important implications for diverse CNS disorders is discussed.
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The blood–brain barrier and blood–tumour barrier in brain tumours and metastases
TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the BBB and BTB through the application of single-cell sequencing and imaging techniques, and the development of biomarkers of BBB integrity along with systems biology approaches, should enable new personalized treatment strategies for primary brain malignancies and brain metastases.
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Astrocyte Reactivity and Reactive Astrogliosis: Costs and Benefits
Milos Pekny,Marcela Pekna +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the healthy and diseased CNS will undoubtedly contribute to the development of treatment strategies that will, in a context-dependent manner and at appropriate time points, modulate reactive astrogliosis to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.
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Overcoming the blood-brain tumor barrier for effective glioblastoma treatment
O. van Tellingen,B. Yetkin-Arik,M.C. de Gooijer,Pieter Wesseling,Pieter Wesseling,Thomas Wurdinger,Thomas Wurdinger,H.E. de Vries +7 more
TL;DR: Methods to overcome the blood-brain tumor barrier barrier (BBTB) are provided, including osmotic blood- brain barrier disruption (BBBD), bradykinin receptor-mediated BBTB opening, inhibition of multidrug efflux transporters, receptor- mediated transport systems and physiological circumvention of the BBTB.
References
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Andrea Taddei,Costanza Giampietro,Annarita Conti,Fabrizio Orsenigo,Ferruccio Breviario,Valentina Pirazzoli,Michael Potente,Christopher Daly,Stefanie Dimmeler,Elisabetta Dejana,Elisabetta Dejana +10 more
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The large apparent work capability of the blood‐brain barrier: A study of the mitochondrial content of capillary endothelial cells in brain and other tissues of the rat
TL;DR: The apparent excess metabolic work capability of the BBB suggested by this greater number of mitochondria may be related to maintenance of ion differentials between blood plasma and brain extracellular fluid, to extrachoroidal cerebrospinal fluid formation, or to maintaining the unique structural characteristics of central nervous system capillaries.
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Minireview: Overview of the Renin-Angiotensin System—An Endocrine and Paracrine System
Julie L. Lavoie,Curt D. Sigmund +1 more
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding the relationship between endocrine and paracrine (tissue) RAS using transgenic models are discussed in a minireview of renin-angiotensin system.
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VEGF-mediated disruption of endothelial CLN-5 promotes blood-brain barrier breakdown.
Azeb Tadesse Argaw,Blake T. Gurfein,Yueting Zhang,Andleeb Zameer,Gareth R. John,Gareth R. John +5 more
TL;DR: The endothelial transmembrane tight junction proteins claudin-5 (CLN-5) and occludin (OCLN) are identified as targets of VEGF-A action and down-regulation by VEGf-A constitutes a significant mechanism in BBB breakdown.
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Regulation of tight junctions and loss of barrier function in pathophysiology
TL;DR: Potential mechanisms by which elevated growth factors elicit deregulated paracellular permeability via altered regulation of tight junctions are elucidated, with particular emphasis on the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1, protein kinase C signaling, and endocytosis of junctional proteins.