Glial influence on the blood brain barrier.
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TLDR
Recent findings related to the involvement of astrocytes and endothelial cells, including radial glial cells, in the induction of barrier properties during embryogenesis and adulthood are described.Abstract:
The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is a specialized vascular structure tightly regulating central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Endothelial cells are the central component of the BBB and control of their barrier phenotype resides on astrocytes and pericytes. Interactions between these cells and the endothelium promote and maintain many of the physiological and metabolic characteristics that are unique to the BBB. In this review we describe recent findings related to the involvement of astroglial cells, including radial glial cells, in the induction of barrier properties during embryogenesis and adulthood. In addition, we describe changes that occur in astrocytes and endothelial cells during injury and inflammation with a particular emphasis on alterations of the BBB phenotype.read more
Citations
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The Blood–Brain Barrier
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TL;DR: Understanding how these different cell populations interact to regulate the barrier properties is essential for understanding how the brain functions during health and disease.
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Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation
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The blood–brain barrier and blood–tumour barrier in brain tumours and metastases
TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the BBB and BTB through the application of single-cell sequencing and imaging techniques, and the development of biomarkers of BBB integrity along with systems biology approaches, should enable new personalized treatment strategies for primary brain malignancies and brain metastases.
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Astrocyte Reactivity and Reactive Astrogliosis: Costs and Benefits
Milos Pekny,Marcela Pekna +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the healthy and diseased CNS will undoubtedly contribute to the development of treatment strategies that will, in a context-dependent manner and at appropriate time points, modulate reactive astrogliosis to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.
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Overcoming the blood-brain tumor barrier for effective glioblastoma treatment
O. van Tellingen,B. Yetkin-Arik,M.C. de Gooijer,Pieter Wesseling,Pieter Wesseling,Thomas Wurdinger,Thomas Wurdinger,H.E. de Vries +7 more
TL;DR: Methods to overcome the blood-brain tumor barrier barrier (BBTB) are provided, including osmotic blood- brain barrier disruption (BBBD), bradykinin receptor-mediated BBTB opening, inhibition of multidrug efflux transporters, receptor- mediated transport systems and physiological circumvention of the BBTB.
References
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Morphometric analysis of CNS microvascular endothelium
B.L. Coomber,P.A. Stewart +1 more
TL;DR: The universality of the apparently increased metabolic work capacity of barrier capillaries is questioned, and whether pericytes play any role in the barrier under normal conditions is questioned.
Journal ArticleDOI
The blood–brain barrier induces differentiation of migrating monocytes into Th17-polarizing dendritic cells
Igal Ifergan,Hania Kebir,Monique Bernard,Karolina Wosik,Aurore Dodelet-Devillers,Romain Cayrol,Nathalie Arbour,Alexandre Prat +7 more
TL;DR: The data support the notion that functional perivascular myeloid CNS dendritic cells arise as a consequence of migration of CD14+ monocytes across the human blood-brain barrier, through the concerted actions of BBB-secreted transforming growth factor-beta and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
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Pathogenic CD8(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis.
TL;DR: The evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in MS pathogenesis is reviewed, which shows associations with major histocompatibility complex class I alleles.
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Evidence for polygenic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis--the shape of things to come.
William S. Bush,Stephen Sawcer,P. L. De Jager,Jorge R. Oksenberg,Jacob L. McCauley,Margaret A. Pericak-Vance,Jonathan L. Haines +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a substantial proportion of the thousands of variants that individually fail to show statistically significant evidence of association have allele frequencies in cases that are skewed away from the null distribution through the effects of multiple as-yet-unidentified risk loci.
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Retinoic acid induces blood-brain barrier development.
Mark R. Mizee,D. Wooldrik,Kim Lakeman,B. van het Hof,Joost A. R. Drexhage,Dirk Geerts,Marianna Bugiani,Eleonora Aronica,Reina E. Mebius,Alexandre Prat,H.E. de Vries,Arie Reijerkerk +11 more
TL;DR: Results point to an important role for RA in the induction of the BBB during human and mouse development and in vitro experiments showing RA- and RARβ-dependent induction of different aspects of the brain EC barrier are corroborated.