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Journal ArticleDOI

Human milk: a source of more life than we imagine

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TLDR
A better understanding of the link between the milk microbiome and health benefit, the potential factors influencing this relationship and whether or not it can be influenced by nutrition is required to open new avenues in the field of pregnancy and lactation.
Abstract
The presence of bacteria in human milk has been acknowledged since the seventies. For a long time, microbiological analysis of human milk was only performed in case of infections and therefore the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria was yet unknown. During the last decades, the use of more sophisticated culture-dependent and -independent techniques, and the steady development of the -omic approaches are opening up the new concept of the ‘milk microbiome’, a complex ecosystem with a greater diversity than previously anticipated. In this review, possible mechanisms by which bacteria can reach the mammary gland (contamination versus active migration) are discussed. In addition, the potential roles of human milk for both infant and maternal health are summarised. A better understanding of the link between the milk microbiome and health benefit, the potential factors influencing this relationship and whether or not it can be influenced by nutrition is required to open new avenues in the field of pregnancy and ...

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

The Manifold Bioactivity and Immunoreactivity of Microbial Proteins of Cow and Human Mature Milk in Late Lactation

TL;DR: In this paper , the role of bacterial proteins in milk, according to the authors' knowledge, has been analyzed, but the focus has been on the qualitative profile of the microbiota, bacterial interactions with milk compounds, and the metabolites produced by bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI

Identification of Lactobacillus plantarum in Breast Milk

TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of Lactobacillus plantarum in breast milk from Iranian mothers was investigated, and 35 samples (87.5%) contained suspected lactobacilli based on phenotypic tests.
Journal ArticleDOI

Human Breast Milk: A Source of Potential Probiotic Candidates

TL;DR: In this article , the authors focused on the isolation of lactobacilli/bifidobacteria from human breast milk and their first characterization, in the perspective to find new probiotic candidates to be included in food products.
Journal ArticleDOI

Źródła i rola mikrobioty mleka kobiecego. Przegląd literatury

TL;DR: There are three known hypothesis about how milk becomes colonized: bacterial transfer from the mother’s intestines (endogenous road), colonization after exposure to the bacteria in the birth canal during delivery and the transfer of bacteria from the skin to the breast during breastfeeding.
Book ChapterDOI

Innate Immunity at Birth: Implications for Inflammation and Infection in Newborns

TL;DR: Dietary supplements like lactoferrrin have shown to increase the levels of immunoglobulins and improve the mucosal and systemic immune response in early life and dietary limitation during lactation has shown to modify the functions of immune cells and increase the susceptibility to pathogenic invasion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

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Journal ArticleDOI

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Journal ArticleDOI

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Journal ArticleDOI

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TL;DR: The inherent differences within and between women in different ethnic groups strongly argues for a more refined definition of the kinds of bacterial communities normally found in healthy women and the need to appreciate differences between individuals so they can be taken into account in risk assessment and disease diagnosis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Bacterial Community Variation in Human Body Habitats Across Space and Time

TL;DR: The results indicate that the microbiota, although personalized, varies systematically across body habitats and time; such trends may ultimately reveal how microbiome changes cause or prevent disease.
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