Is there a role for carbohydrate restriction in the treatment and prevention of cancer
TLDR
The possible beneficial effects of low CHO diets on cancer prevention and treatment are addressed, with emphasis on the role of insulin and IGF1 signaling in tumorigenesis as well as altered dietary needs of cancer patients.Abstract:
Over the last years, evidence has accumulated suggesting that by systematically reducing the amount of dietary carbohydrates (CHOs) one could suppress, or at least delay, the emergence of cancer, and that proliferation of already existing tumor cells could be slowed down. This hypothesis is supported by the association between modern chronic diseases like the metabolic syndrome and the risk of developing or dying from cancer. CHOs or glucose, to which more complex carbohydrates are ultimately digested, can have direct and indirect effects on tumor cell proliferation: first, contrary to normal cells, most malignant cells depend on steady glucose availability in the blood for their energy and biomass generating demands and are not able to metabolize significant amounts of fatty acids or ketone bodies due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Second, high insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels resulting from chronic ingestion of CHO-rich Western diet meals, can directly promote tumor cell proliferation via the insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway. Third, ketone bodies that are elevated when insulin and blood glucose levels are low, have been found to negatively affect proliferation of different malignant cells in vitro or not to be usable by tumor cells for metabolic demands, and a multitude of mouse models have shown antitumorigenic properties of very low CHO ketogenic diets. In addition, many cancer patients exhibit an altered glucose metabolism characterized by insulin resistance and may profit from an increased protein and fat intake. In this review, we address the possible beneficial effects of low CHO diets on cancer prevention and treatment. Emphasis will be placed on the role of insulin and IGF1 signaling in tumorigenesis as well as altered dietary needs of cancer patients.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Lactate dehydrogenase B regulates macrophage metabolism in the tumor microenvironment.
Ann-Christin Frank,Rebecca Raue,Dominik C. Fuhrmann,Evelyn Sirait-Fischer,Carsten Reuse,Andreas Weigert,Dieter Lütjohann,Karsten Hiller,Shahzad N. Syed,Bernhard Brüne +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of tumor-derived miR-375-LDHB axis on macrophage metabolism in breast cancer were investigated by live metabolic flux assays, GC/MS, qPCR, Western blot and FACS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rising Cancer Incidence and Role of the Evolving Diet in Kenya
TL;DR: This article highlights dietary factors as major contributors to this rising trend of cancer incidence in Kenya at the backdrop of an evolving diet by highlighting the various plausible mechanisms of carcinogenesis of these dietary factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA Profiles in Canine Oral Melanomas.
Christophe Hitte,Céline Le Béguec,Edouard Cadieu,Valentin Wucher,Aline Primot,Anaïs Prouteau,Nadine Botherel,Benoit Hedan,Kerstin Lindblad-Toh,Kerstin Lindblad-Toh,Catherine André,Thomas Derrien +11 more
TL;DR: This study sampled a large cohort of canine normal/tumor oral MM from three predisposed breeds, and used deep transcriptome sequencing to identify more than 400 differentially expressed lncRNAs, suggesting associations with cancer-related genes, cell cycle, and carbohydrate metabolism Gene Ontology (GO) terms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mimicking caloric restriction: what about macronutrient manipulation? A response to Meynet and Ricci.
TL;DR: This work proposes carbohydrate restriction as probably the best way to mimic CR in humans without the need to restrict energy intake.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consumption of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks and risk of cancers not related to obesity
Julie K. Bassett,Roger L. Milne,Roger L. Milne,Roger L. Milne,Dallas R. English,Dallas R. English,Graham G. Giles,Graham G. Giles,Graham G. Giles,Allison M. Hodge,Allison M. Hodge +10 more
TL;DR: There was no association between frequency of consuming sugar‐sweetened soft drink consumption and the risk of these cancers, but an unexpected positive association was observed for consumption of artificially sweetened soft drinks.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation.
TL;DR: Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer-related inflammation.
TL;DR: The molecular pathways of this cancer-related inflammation are now being unravelled, resulting in the identification of new target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that persistent metabolism of glucose to lactate even in aerobic conditions is an adaptation to intermittent hypoxia in pre-malignant lesions, which leads to microenvironmental acidosis requiring evolution to phenotypes resistant to acid-induced cell toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extending Healthy Life Span-From Yeast to Humans
TL;DR: Dietary restriction and reduced activity of nutrient-sensing pathways may slow aging by similar mechanisms, which have been conserved during evolution, and their potential application to prevention of age-related disease and promotion of healthy aging in humans, and the challenge of possible negative side effects.