Loss in microbial diversity affects nitrogen cycling in soil.
Laurent Philippot,Aymé Spor,Catherine Hénault,David Bru,Florian Bizouard,Christopher M. Jones,Christopher M. Jones,Amadou Sarr,Pierre-Alain Maron +8 more
TLDR
This study shows that microbial diversity loss can alter terrestrial ecosystem processes, which suggests that the importance of functional redundancy in soil microbial communities has been overstated.Abstract:
Microbial communities have a central role in ecosystem processes by driving the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. However, the importance of microbial diversity for ecosystem functioning is still debated. Here, we experimentally manipulated the soil microbial community using a dilution approach to analyze the functional consequences of diversity loss. A trait-centered approach was embraced using the denitrifiers as model guild due to their role in nitrogen cycling, a major ecosystem service. How various diversity metrics related to richness, eveness and phylogenetic diversity of the soil denitrifier community were affected by the removal experiment was assessed by 454 sequencing. As expected, the diversity metrics indicated a decrease in diversity in the 1/10(3) and 1/10(5) dilution treatments compared with the undiluted one. However, the extent of dilution and the corresponding reduction in diversity were not commensurate, as a dilution of five orders of magnitude resulted in a 75% decrease in estimated richness. This reduction in denitrifier diversity resulted in a significantly lower potential denitrification activity in soil of up to 4-5 folds. Addition of wheat residues significantly increased differences in potential denitrification between diversity levels, indicating that the resource level can influence the shape of the microbial diversity-functioning relationship. This study shows that microbial diversity loss can alter terrestrial ecosystem processes, which suggests that the importance of functional redundancy in soil microbial communities has been overstated.read more
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Microbial diversity drives multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo,Fernando T. Maestre,Peter B. Reich,Peter B. Reich,Thomas C. Jeffries,Juan José Gaitán,Daniel Encinar,Miguel Berdugo,Colin Campbell,Brajesh K. Singh +9 more
TL;DR: The findings provide empirical evidence that any loss in microbial diversity will likely reduce multifunctionality, negatively impacting the provision of services such as climate regulation, soil fertility and food and fibre production by terrestrial ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Underground Revolution: Biodiversity and Soil Ecological Engineering for Agricultural Sustainability
TL;DR: This work synthesizes the potential of soil organisms to enhance ecosystem service delivery and demonstrates that soil biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (i.e., ecosystem multifunctionality) and applies the concept of ecological intensification to soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Where less may be more: How the rare biosphere pulls ecosystems strings
Alexandre Jousset,Christina Bienhold,Antonis Chatzinotas,Laure Gallien,Angélique Gobet,Viola Kurm,Kirsten Küsel,Matthias C. Rillig,Damian W. Rivett,Joana Falcão Salles,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,Noha H. Youssef,Xiaowei Zhang,Zhong Wei,W. H. Gera Hol +14 more
TL;DR: An ecological overview of the rare microbial biosphere is provided, including causes of rarity and the impacts of rare species on ecosystem functioning, and how rare species can have a preponderant role for local biodiversity and species turnover with rarity potentially bound to phylogenetically conserved features is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fungal-bacterial diversity and microbiome complexity predict ecosystem functioning
Cameron Wagg,Cameron Wagg,Klaus Schlaeppi,Samiran Banerjee,Eiko E. Kuramae,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors manipulated the soil microbiome in experimental grassland ecosystems and observed that microbiome diversity and microbial network complexity positively influenced multiple ecosystem functions related to nutrient cycling (e.g. multifunctionality).
Journal ArticleDOI
Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community
Johannes Harter,Hans Martin Krause,Stefanie Schuettler,Reiner Ruser,Markus Fromme,Thomas Scholten,Andreas Kappler,Sebastian Behrens +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a microcosm study with a water-saturated soil amended with different amounts (0, 2% and 10% (w/w)) of high-temperature biochar was performed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
J. Gregory Caporaso,Justin Kuczynski,Jesse Stombaugh,Kyle Bittinger,Frederic D. Bushman,Elizabeth K. Costello,Noah Fierer,Antonio Gonzalez Peña,Julia K. Goodrich,Jeffrey I. Gordon,Gavin A. Huttley,Scott T. Kelley,Dan Knights,Jeremy E. Koenig,Ruth E. Ley,Catherine A. Lozupone,Daniel McDonald,Brian D. Muegge,Meg Pirrung,Jens Reeder,Joel Sevinsky,Peter J. Turnbaugh,William A. Walters,Jeremy Widmann,Tanya Yatsunenko,Jesse R. Zaneveld,Rob Knight,Rob Knight +27 more
TL;DR: An overview of the analysis pipeline and links to raw data and processed output from the runs with and without denoising are provided.
vegan: Community Ecology Package
Jari Oksanen,F. Guillaume Blanchet,Roeland Kindt,Pierre Legendre,Peter R. Minchin,Robert B. O'Hara,Gavin Simpson,Péter Sólymos,M. Henry H. Stevens,Helene H. Wagner +9 more
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RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models
TL;DR: UNLABELLED RAxML-VI-HPC (randomized axelerated maximum likelihood for high performance computing) is a sequential and parallel program for inference of large phylogenies with maximum likelihood (ML) that has been used to compute ML trees on two of the largest alignments to date.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge
D. U. Hooper,F. S. Chapin,John J. Ewel,Andy Hector,P. Inchausti,Sandra Lavorel,John H. Lawton,David M. Lodge,Michel Loreau,Shahid Naeem,Bernhard Schmid,Heikki Setälä,Amy J. Symstad,John Vandermeer,David A. Wardle,David A. Wardle +15 more
TL;DR: Understanding this complexity, while taking strong steps to minimize current losses of species, is necessary for responsible management of Earth's ecosystems and the diverse biota they contain.
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