Monoamine oxidase: from genes to behavior.
Jean C. Shih,K. Chen,M. J. Ridd +2 more
TLDR
MAO A and B knock-out mice are valuable models for investigating the role of monoamines in psychoses and neurodegenerative and stress-related disorders and show increased reactivity to stress.Abstract:
Cloning of MAO (monoamine oxidase) A and B has demonstrated unequivocally that these enzymes are made up of different polypeptides, and our understanding of MAO structure, regulation, and function has been significantly advanced by studies using their cDNA. MAO A and B genes are located on the X-chromosome (Xp11.23) and comprise 15 exons with identical intron-exon organization, which suggests that they are derived from the same ancestral gene. MAO A and B knock-out mice exhibit distinct differences in neurotransmitter metabolism and behavior. MAO A knock-out mice have elevated brain levels of serotonin, norephinephrine, and dopamine and manifest aggressive behavior similar to human males with a deletion of MAO A. In contrast, MAO B knock-out mice do not exhibit aggression and only levels of phenylethylamine are increased. Mice lacking MAO B are resistant to the Parkinsongenic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine. Both MAO A and B knock-out mice show increased reactivity to stress. These knock-out mice are valuable models for investigating the role of monoamines in psychoses and neurodegenerative and stress-related disorders.read more
Citations
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Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children
Avshalom Caspi,Avshalom Caspi,Joseph L. McClay,Terrie E. Moffitt,Terrie E. Moffitt,Jonathan Mill,Judy Martin,Ian W. Craig,Alan Taylor,Richie Poulton +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a large sample of male children from birth to adulthood was studied to determine why some children who are maltreated grow up to develop antisocial behavior, whereas others do not.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and ROS-Induced ROS Release
TL;DR: The mechanism of mitochondrial RIRR highlights the central role of mitochondria-formed ROS, and all of the known ROS-producing sites and their relevance to the mitochondrial ROS production in vivo are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The therapeutic potential of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
TL;DR: This work evaluates claims and some counter-claims made about the physiological importance of these enzymes and the potential of their inhibitors in the light of what the authors know, and still have to learn, of the structure, function and genetics of the monoamine oxidases and the disparate actions of their inhibitor.
Journal ArticleDOI
MAOA , maltreatment, and gene–environment interaction predicting children's mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis
Julia Kim-Cohen,Julia Kim-Cohen,Avshalom Caspi,Avshalom Caspi,Alan Taylor,Brett Williams,Rhiannon Newcombe,Ian W. Craig,Terrie E. Moffitt,Terrie E. Moffitt +9 more
TL;DR: These findings provide the strongest evidence to date suggesting that the MAOA gene influences vulnerability to environmental stress, and that this biological process can be initiated early in life.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Comprehensive Profile of Brain Enzymes that Hydrolyze the Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol
TL;DR: It is revealed that approximately 85% of brain 2-AG hydrolase activity can be ascribed to MAGL, and that the remaining 15% is mostly catalyzed by two uncharacterized enzymes, ABHD6 and ABHD12.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Serotonin oxidation by type B MAO of rat brain.
Chhanda Mitra,S.R. Guha +1 more
TL;DR: The two MAO types in rat brain can be selectively inhibited by administering intraperitoneal injections of clorgyline or pargyline in suitable doses and type B and type A MAO were found to oxidize serotonin and benzylamine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dinucleotide repeat (TG)23 polymorphism in the MAOB gene.
TL;DR: Dinucleotide repeat (TG)^ polymorphism in the MAOB gene J.R.Grimsby, K.C.CIoninger and J.J.Shih find a novel mechanism that allows for down-regulation in the number of regulatory units in the GAPDH gene.
Book
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in neurological diseases
TL;DR: The Distribution of Monoamine Oxidases A and B in Normal Human Brain, Karin N. Westlund Effects of Disease and Aging on MonoamineOxidase A andB, Manfred Gerlach, Peter Riederer, and Moussa B. H. Youdim.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ontogenesis of multiple forms of monoamine oxidase in rat brain regions and liver.
TL;DR: The spatiotemporal pattern of differentiation of type-A and type-B activities in the brain tends to support the classification of brain MAO into two distinct isoenzymic forms.