Monoamine oxidase: from genes to behavior.
Jean C. Shih,K. Chen,M. J. Ridd +2 more
TLDR
MAO A and B knock-out mice are valuable models for investigating the role of monoamines in psychoses and neurodegenerative and stress-related disorders and show increased reactivity to stress.Abstract:
Cloning of MAO (monoamine oxidase) A and B has demonstrated unequivocally that these enzymes are made up of different polypeptides, and our understanding of MAO structure, regulation, and function has been significantly advanced by studies using their cDNA. MAO A and B genes are located on the X-chromosome (Xp11.23) and comprise 15 exons with identical intron-exon organization, which suggests that they are derived from the same ancestral gene. MAO A and B knock-out mice exhibit distinct differences in neurotransmitter metabolism and behavior. MAO A knock-out mice have elevated brain levels of serotonin, norephinephrine, and dopamine and manifest aggressive behavior similar to human males with a deletion of MAO A. In contrast, MAO B knock-out mice do not exhibit aggression and only levels of phenylethylamine are increased. Mice lacking MAO B are resistant to the Parkinsongenic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine. Both MAO A and B knock-out mice show increased reactivity to stress. These knock-out mice are valuable models for investigating the role of monoamines in psychoses and neurodegenerative and stress-related disorders.read more
Citations
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Gestational exposure to nicotine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors influences cocaine-induced locomotion in adolescent rats.
TL;DR: Gestational nicotine and MAOIs both influence brain development and such interactions may sensitize adolescents to drug abuse and should be considered in animal models of maternal smoking.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blood-based biomarkers predicting response to antidepressants.
Yasmin Busch,Andreas Menke +1 more
TL;DR: There is still a great need for studies investigating and validating biomarkers for the prediction of treatment response to facilitate the treatment selection and shorten the time to remission and thus provide personalized medicine in psychiatry.
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Generation of Naivetropic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Parkinson's Disease Patients for High-Efficiency Genetic Manipulation and Disease Modeling
Zhixing Hu,Zhixing Hu,Jiali Pu,Jiali Pu,Houbo Jiang,Houbo Jiang,Ping Zhong,Jingxin Qiu,Feng Li,Xiaomin Wang,Baorong Zhang,Zhen Yan,Jian Feng,Jian Feng,Jian Feng +14 more
TL;DR: Midbrain DA neurons differentiated from the reverted iPSCs retained the original phenotypes caused by parkin mutations, attesting to the robustness of these phenotypes and the usefulness of genomic engineering in patient-specific naivetropic iPSC for studying PD.
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Pathologic role of nitrergic neurotransmission in mood disorders.
TL;DR: The current literature describing the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby the treatment of mood disorders is reviewed to provide a new insight into novel approaches for the treatmentof mood disorders.
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Genetic variation and shared biological susceptibility underlying comorbidity in neuropsychiatry.
TL;DR: Several lines of evidence seem to suggest that the factors influencing variation in one set of symptoms and those affecting one or more disorders are observed to a marked extent which ought to facilitate the search for susceptibility genes in comorbid brain disorders.
References
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TL;DR: The hypothesis that in the enzyme prepared, the MAO is a binary system of enzymes each of which has a detectably different sensitivity to this particular inhibitor, is put forward and evidence after dialysis supports this hypothesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A
TL;DR: Analytical results indicate that isolated complete MAOA deficiency in this family is associated with a recognizable behavioral phenotype that includes disturbed regulation of impulsive aggression.
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Aggressive Behavior and Altered Amounts of Brain Serotonin and Norepinephrine in Mice Lacking MAOA
Olivier Cases,Isabelle Seif,Joseph Grimsby,Patricia Gaspar,Kevin Chen,Sandrine Pournin,Ulrike Müller,Michel Aguet,Charles Babinet,Jean C. Shih,Edward De Maeyer +10 more
TL;DR: Pup behavioral alterations, including trembling, difficulty in righting, and fearfulness were reversed by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine, and adults manifested a distinct behavioral syndrome, including enhanced aggression in males.