On the maximal strength of a first-order electroweak phase transition and its gravitational wave signal
TLDR
In this paper, the authors studied the conditions for successful bubble percolation and completion of the electroweak phase transition in theories beyond the Standard Model featuring polynominal potentials, and showed that these conditions set a lower bound on the temperature of the transition.Abstract:
What is the maximum possible strength of a first-order electroweak phase transition and the resulting gravitational wave (GW) signal? While naively one might expect that supercooling could increase the strength of the transition to very high values, for strong supercooling the Universe is no longer radiation-dominated and the vacuum energy of the unstable minimum of the potential dominates the expansion, which can jeopardize the successful completion of the phase transition. After providing a general treatment for the nucleation, growth and percolation of broken phase bubbles during a first-order phase transition that encompasses the case of significant supercooling, we study the conditions for successful bubble percolation and completion of the electroweak phase transition in theories beyond the Standard Model featuring polynominal potentials. For such theories, these conditions set a lower bound on the temperature of the transition. Since the plasma cannot be significantly diluted, the resulting GW signal originates mostly from sound waves and turbulence in the plasma, rather than bubble collisions. We find the peak frequency of the GW signal from the phase transition to be generically $f \gtrsim 10^{-4}$ Hz. We also study the condition for GW production by sound waves to be long-lasting (GW source active for approximately a Hubble time), showing it is generally not fulfilled in concrete scenarios. Because of this the sound wave GW signal could be weakened, with turbulence setting in earlier, resulting in a smaller overall GW signal as compared to current literature predictions.read more
Citations
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Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
Chiara Caprini,Mikael Chala,Mikael Chala,G. C. Dorsch,G. C. Dorsch,Mark Hindmarsh,Mark Hindmarsh,Stephan J. Huber,Thomas Konstandin,Jonathan Kozaczuk,Jonathan Kozaczuk,Jonathan Kozaczuk,Germano Nardini,Jose Miguel No,Jose Miguel No,Kari Rummukainen,Pedro Schwaller,Geraldine Servant,Anders Tranberg,David J. Weir,David J. Weir +20 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential for observing gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA was investigated, based on current state-of-the-art simulations of sound waves in the cosmic fluid after the phase transition completes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
Chiara Caprini,Mikael Chala,Mikael Chala,G. C. Dorsch,G. C. Dorsch,Mark Hindmarsh,Mark Hindmarsh,Stephan J. Huber,Thomas Konstandin,Jonathan Kozaczuk,Jonathan Kozaczuk,Jonathan Kozaczuk,Germano Nardini,Jose Miguel No,Jose Miguel No,Kari Rummukainen,Pedro Schwaller,Geraldine Servant,Anders Tranberg,David J. Weir,David J. Weir +20 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential for observing gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA was investigated, based on current state-of-the-art simulations of sound waves in the cosmic fluid after the phase transition completes.
Journal ArticleDOI
AEDGE: Atomic experiment for dark matter and gravity exploration in space
Yousef Abou El-Neaj,Cristiano Alpigiani,Sana Amairi-Pyka,Henrique Araujo,Antun Balaž,Angelo Bassi,Lars Bathe-Peters,Baptiste Battelier,Aleksandar Belić,Elliot Bentine,Jose Bernabeu,Andrea Bertoldi,Robert Bingham,Robert Bingham,Diego Blas,Vasiliki Bolpasi,Kai Bongs,Sougato Bose,Philippe Bouyer,T. J. V. Bowcock,William B. Bowden,Oliver Buchmueller,Clare Burrage,Xavier Calmet,Benjamin Canuel,Laurentiu Ioan Caramete,Andrew Carroll,Giancarlo Cella,Vassilis Charmandaris,S. Chattopadhyay,S. Chattopadhyay,Xuzong Chen,Maria Luisa Chiofalo,J. P. Coleman,J. P. Cotter,Y. Cui,Andrei Derevianko,Albert De Roeck,Goran S. Djordjevic,P. J. Dornan,Michael Doser,Ioannis Drougkakis,Jacob Dunningham,Ioana Dutan,Sajan Easo,G. Elertas,John Ellis,John Ellis,John Ellis,Mai El Sawy,Mai El Sawy,Farida Fassi,D. Felea,Chen Hao Feng,R. L. Flack,Christopher J. Foot,Ivette Fuentes,Naceur Gaaloul,A. Gauguet,Remi Geiger,Valerie Gibson,Gian F. Giudice,J. Goldwin,O. A. Grachov,Peter W. Graham,Dario Grasso,Maurits van der Grinten,Mustafa Gündoğan,Martin G. Haehnelt,Tiffany Harte,Aurélien Hees,Richard Hobson,Jason M. Hogan,Bodil Holst,Michael Holynski,Mark A. Kasevich,Bradley J. Kavanagh,Wolf von Klitzing,Tim Kovachy,Benjamin Krikler,Markus Krutzik,Marek Lewicki,Marek Lewicki,Yu-Hung Lien,Miaoyuan Liu,Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano,Alain Magnon,Mohammed Mahmoud,Sudhir Malik,Christopher McCabe,J. W. Mitchell,Julia Pahl,Debapriya Pal,Saurabh Pandey,Dimitris G. Papazoglou,Mauro Paternostro,Bjoern Penning,Achim Peters,Marco Prevedelli,Vishnupriya Puthiya-Veettil,J. J. Quenby,Ernst M. Rasel,Sean Ravenhall,Jack Ringwood,Albert Roura,D. O. Sabulsky,M. Sameed,Ben Sauer,Stefan A. Schäffer,Stephan Schiller,Vladimir Schkolnik,Dennis Schlippert,Christian Schubert,Haifa Rejeb Sfar,Armin Shayeghi,Ian Shipsey,Carla Signorini,Yeshpal Singh,Marcelle Soares-Santos,Fiodor Sorrentino,T. J. Sumner,Konstantinos Tassis,S. Tentindo,Guglielmo M. Tino,Guglielmo M. Tino,Jonathan N. Tinsley,James Unwin,Tristan Valenzuela,Georgios Vasilakis,Ville Vaskonen,Ville Vaskonen,Christian Vogt,Alex Webber-Date,André Wenzlawski,Patrick Windpassinger,Marian Woltmann,Efe Yazgan,Ming Sheng Zhan,Xinhao Zou,Jure Zupan +139 more
TL;DR: The Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE) as mentioned in this paper is a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gravitational wave energy budget in strongly supercooled phase transitions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived efficiency factors for the production of gravitational waves through bubble collisions and plasma-related sources in strong phase transitions, and found the conditions under which the bubble collisions can contribute significantly to the signal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cosmic String Interpretation of NANOGrav Pulsar Timing Data
TL;DR: The NANOGrav Collaboration has recently reported strong evidence for a stochastic common-spectrum process, which is interpreted as a SGWB in the framework of cosmic strings, which would correspond to a string tension Gμ∈(4×10^{-11}, 10^{-10}) at the 68% confidence level.
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TL;DR: The third-generation ground-based observatory Einstein Telescope (ET) project as discussed by the authors is currently in its design study phase, and it can be seen as the first step in this direction.