Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data
Natalie M. Batalha,Jason F. Rowe,Stephen T. Bryson,Thomas Barclay,Christopher J. Burke,Douglas A. Caldwell,Jessie L. Christiansen,Fergal Mullally,Susan E. Thompson,Timothy M. Brown,Andrea K. Dupree,Daniel C. Fabrycky,Eric B. Ford,Jonathan J. Fortney,Ronald L. Gilliland,Howard Isaacson,David W. Latham,Geoffrey W. Marcy,Samuel N. Quinn,Samuel N. Quinn,Darin Ragozzine,Avi Shporer,William J. Borucki,David R. Ciardi,Thomas N. Gautier,Michael R. Haas,Jon M. Jenkins,David G. Koch,Jack J. Lissauer,William Rapin,Gibor Basri,Alan P. Boss,Lars A. Buchhave,David Charbonneau,Joergen Christensen-Dalsgaard,Bruce D. Clarke,William D. Cochran,Brice-Olivier Demory,Edna DeVore,Gilbert A. Esquerdo,Mark E. Everett,Francois Fressin,John C. Geary,Forrest R. Girouard,Alan Gould,Jennifer R. Hall,Matthew J. Holman,Andrew W. Howard,Steve B. Howell,Khadeejah A. Ibrahim,Karen Kinemuchi,Hans Kjeldsen,Todd C. Klaus,Jie Li,Philip W. Lucas,Robert L. Morris,Andrej Prsa,Elisa V. Quintana,Dwight T. Sanderfer,Dimitar Sasselov,Shawn Seader,Jeffrey C. Smith,Jason H. Steffen,Martin Still,Martin C. Stumpe,Jill Tarter,Peter Tenenbaum,Guillermo Torres,Joseph D. Twicken,Kamal Uddin,Jeffrey Van Cleve,Lucianne M. Walkowicz,William F. Welsh +72 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors used the noise-weighted robust averaging of multi-quarter photo-center offsets derived from difference image analysis, which identifies likely background eclipsing binaries.Abstract:
New transiting planet candidates are identified in sixteen months (May 2009 - September 2010) of data from the Kepler spacecraft. Nearly five thousand periodic transit-like signals are vetted against astrophysical and instrumental false positives yielding 1,091 viable new planet candidates, bringing the total count up to over 2,300. Improved vetting metrics are employed, contributing to higher catalog reliability. Most notable is the noise-weighted robust averaging of multi-quarter photo-center offsets derived from difference image analysis which identifies likely background eclipsing binaries. Twenty-two months of photometry are used for the purpose of characterizing each of the new candidates. Ephemerides (transit epoch, T_0, and orbital period, P) are tabulated as well as the products of light curve modeling: reduced radius (Rp/R*), reduced semi-major axis (d/R*), and impact parameter (b). The largest fractional increases are seen for the smallest planet candidates (197% for candidates smaller than 2Re compared to 52% for candidates larger than 2Re) and those at longer orbital periods (123% for candidates outside of 50-day orbits versus 85% for candidates inside of 50-day orbits). The gains are larger than expected from increasing the observing window from thirteen months (Quarter 1-- Quarter 5) to sixteen months (Quarter 1 -- Quarter 6). This demonstrates the benefit of continued development of pipeline analysis software. The fraction of all host stars with multiple candidates has grown from 17% to 20%, and the paucity of short-period giant planets in multiple systems is still evident. The progression toward smaller planets at longer orbital periods with each new catalog release suggests that Earth-size planets in the Habitable Zone are forthcoming if, indeed, such planets are abundant.read more
Citations
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The false positive rate of kepler and the occurrence of planets
Francois Fressin,Guillermo Torres,David Charbonneau,Stephen T. Bryson,Jessie L. Christiansen,Courtney D. Dressing,Jon M. Jenkins,Lucianne M. Walkowicz,Natalie M. Batalha +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived a prescription for the signal recovery rate of Kepler that enables a good match to both the KOI size and orbital period distribution, as well as their signal-to-noise distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets*
Benjamin J. Fulton,Erik A. Petigura,Andrew W. Howard,Howard Isaacson,Geoffrey W. Marcy,Phillip A. Cargile,Leslie Hebb,Lauren M. Weiss,John Asher Johnson,Timothy D. Morton,Evan Sinukoff,Ian J. M. Crossfield,Lea A. Hirsch +12 more
TL;DR: The size of a planet is an observable property directly connected to the physics of its formation and evolution as discussed by the authors, and the size of close-in (P < 100 days) small planets can be divided into two size regimes: R_p < 1.5 R⊕ or smaller with varying amounts of low-density gas that determine their total sizes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Occurrence of Potentially Habitable Planets Orbiting M Dwarfs Estimated from the Full Kepler Dataset and an Empirical Measurement of the Detection Sensitivity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an improved estimate of the occurrence rate of small planets orbiting small stars by searching the full four-year Kepler data set for transiting planets using their own planet detection pipeline and conducting transit injection and recovery simulations to empirically measure the search completeness of their pipeline.
Journal ArticleDOI
The PLATO 2.0 mission
Heike Rauer,Heike Rauer,C. Catala,Conny Aerts,Thierry Appourchaux,Willy Benz,Alexis Brandeker,Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard,Magali Deleuil,Laurent Gizon,Laurent Gizon,M. J. Goupil,Manuel Güdel,Eduardo Janot-Pacheco,M. Mas-Hesse,Isabella Pagano,Giampaolo Piotto,Don Pollacco,Ċ. Santos,Andrew Smith,Juan Carlos Suárez,Róbert Szabó,Stéphane Udry,V. Adibekyan,Yann Alibert,J. M. Almenara,Pau Amaro-Seoane,M. Ammler-von Eiff,Martin Asplund,E. Antonello,Sydney A. Barnes,Frédéric Baudin,K. Belkacem,Maria Bergemann,G. Bihain,Aaron C. Birch,Xavier Bonfils,Isabelle Boisse,Aldo S. Bonomo,Francesco Borsa,I. M. Brandão,Enzo Brocato,S. Brun,Matthew R. Burleigh,R. Burston,Juan Cabrera,Santi Cassisi,William J. Chaplin,Stéphane Charpinet,Cristina Chiappini,Ross P. Church,Sz. Csizmadia,Margarida S. Cunha,Mario Damasso,Mario Damasso,Melvyn B. Davies,Hans J. Deeg,Rodrigo F. Díaz,Stefan Dreizler,C. Dreyer,C. Dreyer,P. Eggenberger,David Ehrenreich,Philipp Eigmüller,Anders Erikson,Robert Farmer,Sofia Feltzing,F. De Oliveira Fialho,Pedro Figueira,T. Forveille,Malcolm Fridlund,Rafael A. García,Paolo Giommi,G. Giuffrida,G. Giuffrida,M. Godolt,J. Gomes da Silva,T. Granzer,John Lee Grenfell,A. Grotsch-Noels,E. Günther,Carole A. Haswell,A. P. Hatzes,Guillaume Hébrard,Saskia Hekker,Saskia Hekker,Ravit Helled,Kevin Heng,Jon M. Jenkins,Anders Johansen,Maxim L. Khodachenko,Kristina G. Kislyakova,Wilhelm Kley,Ulrich Kolb,Natalie A. Krivova,Friedrich Kupka,Helmut Lammer,Antonino F. Lanza,Yveline Lebreton,Demetrio Magrin,P. Marcos-Arenal,P. M. Marrese,P. M. Marrese,J. P. Marques,J. H. C. Martins,S. Mathis,Savita Mathur,S. Messina,Andrea Miglio,Josefina Montalbán,M. Montalto,Mário J. P. F. G. Monteiro,Hamed Moradi,Ehsan Moravveji,Christoph Mordasini,Thierry Morel,Annelies Mortier,Valerio Nascimbeni,Richard P. Nelson,Martin Bo Nielsen,Lena Noack,Andrew Norton,Aviv Ofir,Mahmoudreza Oshagh,R.-M. Ouazzani,Péter Pápics,V. C. Parro,Pascal Petit,Bertrand Plez,Ennio Poretti,Andreas Quirrenbach,Roberto Ragazzoni,Giuliano Raimondo,Monica Rainer,Daniel R. Reese,Ronald Redmer,Sabine Reffert,Bárbara Rojas-Ayala,Ian W. Roxburgh,Stéphanie Salmon,Alexandre Santerne,Jean Schneider,Jesper Schou,Sonja Schuh,Hannah Schunker,A. Silva-Valio,Roberto Silvotti,I. Skillen,Ignas Snellen,Frank Sohl,S. G. Sousa,Alessandro Sozzetti,Dennis Stello,Klaus G. Strassmeier,Michal Švanda,Gy. M. Szabó,Gy. M. Szabó,Andrew Tkachenko,Diana Valencia,Valérie Van Grootel,Sylvie Vauclair,Paolo Ventura,F. W. Wagner,N. A. Walton,Joerg Weingrill,Stephanie C. Werner,Peter J. Wheatley,Konstanze Zwintz +167 more
TL;DR: The PLATO 2.0 mission as discussed by the authors has been selected for ESA's M3 launch opportunity (2022/24) to provide accurate key planet parameters (radius, mass, density and age) in statistical numbers.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Occurrence Rate of Small Planets Around Small Stars
TL;DR: In this article, the optical and near-infrared photometry from the Kepler Input Catalog is used to provide improved estimates of the stellar characteristics of the smallest stars in the Kepler target list.
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