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Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing

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TLDR
Polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM and their design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed.
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting....

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Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out in this paper, where the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed.

Organ Printing: Tissue Spheroids as Building Blocks

TL;DR: Organ printing can be defined as layer-by-layer additive robotic biofabrication of three-dimensional functional living macrotissues and organ constructs using tissue spheroids as building blocks.
Journal ArticleDOI

Photopolymerization in 3D Printing

TL;DR: The field of 3D printing is continuing its rapid development in both academic and industrial research environments as mentioned in this paper, which offers flexibility over the final properties of the 3D printed materials (such as optical, chemical and mechanical properties) using versatile polymer chemistry.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biofabrication strategies for 3D in vitro models and regenerative medicine

TL;DR: This Review examines biofabrication strategies for the construction of functional tissue replacements and organ models, focusing on the development of biomaterials, such as supramolecular and photosensitive materials, that can be processed using bioFabrication techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI

3D printing of hydrogels: Rational design strategies and emerging biomedical applications

TL;DR: A review of hydrogel-based biomaterial inks and bioinks for 3D printing can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of the tailorability of material, mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Erratum to: Investigation into the selective laser sintering of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and postprocessing

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of laser energy density on the relative density, mechanical properties, and dimensional accuracy of the SLS parts were studied, and the properties of polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) parts were compared.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of water concentration on photopolymerized acrylate/epoxide hybrid polymer coatings as demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy

TL;DR: In this article, a 3,4-epoxy-cyclohexylmethyl methacrylate (METHB) photopolymerization system was studied to investigate water effects on conversion and polymer coating properties.
Journal ArticleDOI

Rapid Prototyping RFID Antennas Using Direct-Write

TL;DR: This is the first demonstration where some of the direct-write rapid prototyping attributes (e.g., slight overspray, overlap of written lines, overall thickness less than 500 nm) are shown to not seriously impede RFID tag performance.
Journal ArticleDOI

Allyl sulfides and α‐substituted acrylates as addition–fragmentation chain transfer agents for methacrylate polymer networks

TL;DR: In this article, a series of novel and previously described addition-fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) reagents were synthesized and screened with laser flash photolysis to determine reactivity.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes

TL;DR: The use of Raman spectroscopy to reveal the remarkable structure and properties of carbon nanotubes is briefly reviewed in this article, where it is shown how the vibrational spectra of one tiny tube, only about 1 nm in diameter, can be observed experimentally.
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