Journal ArticleDOI
Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery: A Critical Review
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In this article, the authors review the current status of the recycling processes of spent lithium ion batteries, introduce the structure and components of the batteries, and summarize all available single contacts in batch mode operation, including pretreatment, secondary treatment, and deep recovery.Abstract:
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications in consumer electronics and electric vehicles are rapidly growing, resulting in boosting resources demand, including cobalt and lithium. So recycling of batteries will be a necessity, not only to decline the consumption of energy, but also to relieve the shortage of rare resources and eliminate the pollution of hazardous components, toward sustainable industries related to consumer electronics and electric vehicles. The authors review the current status of the recycling processes of spent LIBs, introduce the structure and components of the batteries, and summarize all available single contacts in batch mode operation, including pretreatment, secondary treatment, and deep recovery. Additionally, many problems and prospect of the current recycling processes will be presented and analyzed. It is hoped that this effort would stimulate further interest in spent LIBs recycling and in the appreciation of its benefits.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pretreatment options for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review
TL;DR: The authors provides an overview of the current pretreatment methods employed in the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries and provides recommendations for future research and development that will enable more efficient and cleaner technologies for recycling spent lithium ion batteries.
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Recycling of mixed discarded lithium-ion batteries via microwave processing route
Sanjay Pindar,Nikhil Dhawan +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a short duration, cost-effective recycling process for discarded mixed cathode material, and microwave reduction of cathode materials using recovered graphite are investigated for recovery of metallic values.
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Substance flow analysis of lithium for sustainable management in mainland China: 2007–2014
Bin Lu,Jingru Liu,Jianxin Yang +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantify the flows, stocks, and loss of lithium in the anthropogenic cycle in China, from 2007 to 2014, and demonstrate that production and use of lithium ion battery increased greatly from 2007-2014, due to the fast increase of the battery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal preparation and performance of LiFePO4 by using Li3PO4 recovered from spent cathode scraps as Li source.
TL;DR: It has been found that the LiFePO4 cathode material synthesized at 200 °C showed excellent electrochemical properties which deliver a high initial capacity of 144.25 mAh/g at the rate of 1 C and high capacity retention of 96.7% after 200 cycles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Uncovering the evolution of substance flow analysis of nickel in China
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the evolution of substance flow of nickel and found that China is being confronted the increasing risk of uncontrolled importation, and the consumption amount has been constantly extended up to 1010 Gg in 2015, however the obsolescence amount is almost remained at an unchanged range of 45-50 Gg.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries
TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries
TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices
TL;DR: The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
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Nonaqueous liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries.
TL;DR: The phytochemical properties of Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate and its Derivatives are as follows: 2.2.1.
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Electrodes with high power and high capacity for rechargeable lithium batteries.
Kisuk Kang,Ying Shirley Meng,Ying Shirley Meng,Julien Breger,Julien Breger,Clare P. Grey,Clare P. Grey,Gerbrand Ceder,Gerbrand Ceder +8 more
TL;DR: By modifying its crystal structure, lithium nickel manganese oxide is obtained unexpectedly high rate-capability, considerably better than lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), the current battery electrode material of choice.