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Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery: A Critical Review
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In this article, the authors review the current status of the recycling processes of spent lithium ion batteries, introduce the structure and components of the batteries, and summarize all available single contacts in batch mode operation, including pretreatment, secondary treatment, and deep recovery.Abstract:
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications in consumer electronics and electric vehicles are rapidly growing, resulting in boosting resources demand, including cobalt and lithium. So recycling of batteries will be a necessity, not only to decline the consumption of energy, but also to relieve the shortage of rare resources and eliminate the pollution of hazardous components, toward sustainable industries related to consumer electronics and electric vehicles. The authors review the current status of the recycling processes of spent LIBs, introduce the structure and components of the batteries, and summarize all available single contacts in batch mode operation, including pretreatment, secondary treatment, and deep recovery. Additionally, many problems and prospect of the current recycling processes will be presented and analyzed. It is hoped that this effort would stimulate further interest in spent LIBs recycling and in the appreciation of its benefits.read more
Citations
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Recycling LiCoO2 with methanesulfonic acid for regeneration of lithium-ion battery electrode materials
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors investigated biodegradable organic methanesulfonic acid (MSA) for the first time to leach valuable metals from waste LiCoO2 powders for battery material regeneration.
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Implications for the carrying capacity of lithium reserve in China
Xianlai Zeng,Jinhui Li +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, Li et al. find that lithium demand in China will increase significantly due to the continuing growth of demand for consumer electronics and the briskly emerging market for electric vehicles, resulting in a short carrying duration of lithium, even with full recycling of end-of-life lithium products.
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Spent rechargeable lithium batteries in e-waste: composition and its implications
Xianlai Zeng,Jinhui Li +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the differences of physical components and chemical compositions among various spent rechargeable lithium batteries (RLBs) and found that the average of total weight of the separator, the anode and the cathode accounted for over 60% of all the RLBs.
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Hydrometallurgical recovery of spent cobalt-based lithium-ion battery cathodes using ethanol as the reducing agent.
TL;DR: Overall, the ethanol can be used as a reducing agent to assist the leaching of cathode materials from spent LIBs and future efforts should pay to the management of the secondary wastewater.
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Circular Business Models for Extended EV Battery Life
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the second life of electric vehicle batteries to provide an understanding of how the battery value chain and related business models can become more circular, and they applied qualitative research methods and draw on data from interviews and workshops with stakeholders, to identify barriers to and opportunities for second use of EV batteries.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries
TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries
TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices
TL;DR: The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
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Nonaqueous liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries.
TL;DR: The phytochemical properties of Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate and its Derivatives are as follows: 2.2.1.
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Electrodes with high power and high capacity for rechargeable lithium batteries.
Kisuk Kang,Ying Shirley Meng,Ying Shirley Meng,Julien Breger,Julien Breger,Clare P. Grey,Clare P. Grey,Gerbrand Ceder,Gerbrand Ceder +8 more
TL;DR: By modifying its crystal structure, lithium nickel manganese oxide is obtained unexpectedly high rate-capability, considerably better than lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), the current battery electrode material of choice.