Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
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TLDR
For society to resume, measures designed to reduce aerosol transmission must be implemented, including universal masking and regular, widespread testing to identify and isolate infected asymptomatic individuals.Abstract:
Masks and testing are necessary to combat asymptomatic spread in aerosols and droplets Respiratory infections occur through the transmission of virus-containing droplets (>5 to 10 µm) and aerosols (≤5 µm) exhaled from infected individuals during breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing. Traditional respiratory disease control measures are designed to reduce transmission by droplets produced in the sneezes and coughs of infected individuals. However, a large proportion of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be occurring through airborne transmission of aerosols produced by asymptomatic individuals during breathing and speaking (1—3). Aerosols can accumulate, remain infectious in indoor air for hours, and be easily inhaled deep into the lungs. For society to resume, measures designed to reduce aerosol transmission must be implemented, including universal masking and regular, widespread testing to identify and isolate infected asymptomatic individuals.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19.
Jeremy Howard,Austin Huang,Zhiyuan Li,Zeynep Tufekci,Vladimir Zdimal,Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen,Arne von Delft,Amy Price,Lex Fridman,Lei-Han Tang,Viola Tang,Gregory L. Watson,Christina E. Bax,Reshama Shaikh,Frederik Questier,Danny Hernandez,Larry F. Chu,Christina M. Ramirez,Anne W. Rimoin +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an analytical framework to examine mask usage, synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact, transmission characteristics, source control, wearer protection, sociological considerations, and implementation considerations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Trisha Greenhalgh,Jose L. Jimenez,Kimberly A. Prather,Zeynep Tufekci,David N. Fisman,Robert T. Schooley +5 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses.
Chia C. Wang,Chia C. Wang,Kimberly A. Prather,Josué Sznitman,Jose L. Jimenez,Jose L. Jimenez,Seema S. Lakdawala,Zeynep Tufekci,Linsey C. Marr,Linsey C. Marr +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss current evidence regarding the transmission of respiratory viruses by aerosols-how they are generated, transported, and deposited, as well as the factors affecting the relative contributions of droplet-spray deposition versus aerosol inhalation as modes of transmission.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 and Public Transportation: Current Assessment, Prospects, and Research Needs
Alejandro Tirachini,Oded Cats +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize the state-of-the-art, up to early June 2020, on key developments regarding public transportation and the COVID-19 pandemic, including the different responses adopted by governments and public transportation agencies around the world, and the research needs pertaining to critical issues that minimize contagion risk in public transportation in the so-called post-lockdown phase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: implications for infection control.
TL;DR: In this article, a view of infectious aerosols is intended to inform appropriate infection control measures to protect health-care workers from inhaling infectious aerosol, with a predominance of pathogens in small particles (<5 μm.
References
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Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19.
Xi He,Eric H. Y. Lau,Peng Wu,Xilong Deng,Jian Wang,Xinxin Hao,Yiu Chung Lau,Jessica Y. Wong,Yujuan Guan,Xinghua Tan,Xiaoneng Mo,Yanqing Chen,Baolin Liao,Weilie Chen,Fengyu Hu,Qing Zhang,Mingqiu Zhong,Yanrong Wu,Lingzhai Zhao,Fuchun Zhang,Benjamin J. Cowling,Fang Li,Gabriel M. Leung +22 more
TL;DR: It is estimated that 44% (95% confidence interval, 25–69%) of secondary cases were infected during the index cases’ presymptomatic stage, in settings with substantial household clustering, active case finding and quarantine outside the home.
Journal ArticleDOI
Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks.
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TL;DR: A study of 246 individuals with seasonal respiratory virus infections randomized to wear or not wear a surgical face mask showed that masks can significantly reduce detection of coronavirus and influenza virus in exhaled breath and may help interrupt virus transmission.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals.
Yuan Liu,Zhi Ning,Yu Chen,Ming Guo,Yingle Liu,Nirmal Kumar Gali,Li Sun,Yusen Duan,Jing Cai,Dane Westerdahl,Xinjin Liu,Ke Xu,Kin Fai Ho,Haidong Kan,Qingyan Fu,Ke Lan +15 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that room ventilation, open space, sanitization of protective apparel, and proper use and disinfection of toilet areas can effectively limit the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in aerosols, although the infectivity of the virus RNA was not established in this study.
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Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality.
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Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility.
Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan,Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan,Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan,Anna Jinxia Zhang,Shuofeng Yuan,Vincent Kwok-Man Poon,Chris Chung-Sing Chan,Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee,Wan Mui Chan,Zhimeng Fan,Hoi Wah Tsoi,Lei Wen,Ronghui Liang,Jianli Cao,Yanxia Chen,Kaiming Tang,Cuiting Luo,Jian Piao Cai,Kin-Hang Kok,Hin Chu,Kwok-Hung Chan,Siddharth Sridhar,Siddharth Sridhar,Siddharth Sridhar,Zhiwei Chen,Honglin Chen,Kelvin K. W. To,Kelvin K. W. To,Kelvin K. W. To,Kwok-Yung Yuen,Kwok-Yung Yuen,Kwok-Yung Yuen +31 more
TL;DR: Besides satisfying the Koch’s postulates, this readily available hamster model is an important tool for studying transmission, pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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