Open AccessJournal Article
RNAi-mediated pathways in the nucleus
Marjori Matzke,James A. Birchler +1 more
TLDR
RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that uses short antisense RNAs that are generated by 'dicing' dsRNA precursors to target corresponding mRNAs for cleavage to facilitate the directed silencing of specific genomic regions.Abstract:
| RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that uses short antisense RNAs that are generated by 'dicing' dsRNA precursors to target corresponding mRNAs for cleavage. However, recent developments have revealed that there is also extensive involvement of RNAi-related processes in regulation at the genome level. dsRNA and proteins of the RNAi machinery can direct epigenetic alterations to homologous DNA sequences to induce transcriptional gene silencing or, in extreme cases, DNA elimination. Furthermore, in some organisms RNAi silences unpaired DNA regions during meiosis. These mechanisms facilitate the directed silencing of specific genomic regions.read more
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Epigenetic modifications and human disease
Anna Portela,Manel Esteller +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, their interactions and alterations in health and disease, has become a priority in biomedical research.
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Genomic DNA methylation: the mark and its mediators.
Robert J. Klose,Adrian Bird +1 more
TL;DR: The role of DNA methylation in controlling gene expression is illuminated and its links with histone modification and chromatin remodelling are strengthened, and the mechanisms by which it is targeted to specific regions of the genome are understood.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transposable elements and the epigenetic regulation of the genome.
TL;DR: New insights have been gained into how silencing in eukaryotic cells has been co-opted to serve essential functions in 'host' cells, highlighting the importance of TEs in the epigenetic regulation of the genome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antisense Transcription in the Mammalian Transcriptome
Shintaro Katayama,Yasuhiro Tomaru,Takeya Kasukawa,Kazunori Waki,Misato Nakanishi,Mari M. Nakamura,Hiromi Nishida,C. C. Yap,M. Suzuki,Jun Kawai,Harukazu Suzuki,Piero Carninci,Yoshihide Hayashizaki,Christine A. Wells,Martin C. Frith,Timothy Ravasi,Ken C Pang,Ken C Pang,Ken C Pang,Jennifer Hallinan,John S. Mattick,David A. Hume,Leonard Lipovich,Serge Batalov,Pär G. Engström,Yumi Mizuno,Mohammad Ali Faghihi,Mohammad Ali Faghihi,Albin Sandelin,Alistair M. Chalk,Salim Mottagui-Tabar,Salim Mottagui-Tabar,Zicai Liang,Boris Lenhard,Claes Wahlestedt,Claes Wahlestedt +35 more
TL;DR: Experimental evidence that perturbation of an antisense RNA can alter the expression of sense messenger RNAs is presented, suggesting that antisense transcription contributes to control of transcriptional outputs in mammals.
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Antiviral Immunity Directed by Small RNAs
Shou-Wei Ding,Olivier Voinnet +1 more
TL;DR: The proteins required for viRNA production as well as several key downstream components of the antiviral immunity pathway have been identified in plants, flies, and worms, illuminating an ongoing molecular arms race that likely impacts the evolution of both viral and host genomes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function
TL;DR: Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.
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Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins.
TL;DR: It is shown that mammalian methyltransferases that selectively methylate histone H3 on lysine 9 (Suv39h HMTases) generate a binding site for HP1 proteins—a family of heterochromatic adaptor molecules implicated in both gene silencing and supra-nucleosomal chromatin structure.
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Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain.
Andrew J. Bannister,Philip Zegerman,Janet F. Partridge,Eric A. Miska,Jean O. Thomas,Robin C. Allshire,Tony Kouzarides +6 more
TL;DR: A stepwise model for the formation of a transcriptionally silent heterochromatin is provided: SUV39H1 places a ‘methyl marker’ on histone H3, which is then recognized by HP1 through its chromo domain, which may also explain the stable inheritance of theheterochromatic state.
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Argonaute2 Is the Catalytic Engine of Mammalian RNAi
Jidong Liu,Michelle A. Carmell,Michelle A. Carmell,Fabiola V. Rivas,Carolyn G. Marsden,J. Michael Thomson,Ji-Joon Song,Scott M. Hammond,Leemor Joshua-Tor,Gregory J. Hannon +9 more
TL;DR: The evidence supports a model in which Argonaute contributes “Slicer” activity to RISC, providing the catalytic engine for RNAi.
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Correction: MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation
Lin He,Gregory J. Hannon +1 more
TL;DR: A large number of microRNAs have been identified in almost all metazoan genomes, including worms, flies, plants and mammals, and their discovery adds a new dimension to the understanding of complex gene regulatory networks.