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Transposable elements and the epigenetic regulation of the genome.

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TLDR
New insights have been gained into how silencing in eukaryotic cells has been co-opted to serve essential functions in 'host' cells, highlighting the importance of TEs in the epigenetic regulation of the genome.
Abstract
Overlapping epigenetic mechanisms have evolved in eukaryotic cells to silence the expression and mobility of transposable elements (TEs). Owing to their ability to recruit the silencing machinery, TEs have served as building blocks for epigenetic phenomena, both at the level of single genes and across larger chromosomal regions. Important progress has been made recently in understanding these silencing mechanisms. In addition, new insights have been gained into how this silencing has been co-opted to serve essential functions in 'host' cells, highlighting the importance of TEs in the epigenetic regulation of the genome.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

DNA methylation landscapes: provocative insights from epigenomics

TL;DR: The conventional view that DNA methylation functions predominantly to irreversibly silence transcription is being challenged and not only is promoter methylation often highly dynamic during development, but many organisms also seem to targetDNA methylation specifically to the bodies of active genes.
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Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility.

TL;DR: An increasing body of evidence from animal studies supports the role of environmental epigenetics in disease susceptibility and recent studies have demonstrated for the first time that heritable environmentally induced epigenetic modifications underlie reversible transgenerational alterations in phenotype.
Journal ArticleDOI

Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: myths and mechanisms

TL;DR: Although the inheritance of epigenetic characters can certainly occur-particularly in plants-how much is due to the environment and the extent to which it happens in humans remain unclear.
Journal ArticleDOI

Transposable elements and the evolution of regulatory networks

TL;DR: Earlier models are revisited and expanded and it is proposed that genomic repeats, and in particular transposable elements, have been a rich source of material for the assembly and tinkering of eukaryotic gene regulatory systems.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Piwi-piRNA Pathway Provides an Adaptive Defense in the Transposon Arms Race

TL;DR: As a specific and adaptive regulatory system, RNAi is used throughout eukarya, which indicates a long evolutionary history, and a likely function of RNAi throughout that history is to protect the genome from both pathogenic and parasitic invaders.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

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Eric S. Lander, +248 more
- 15 Feb 2001 - 
TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Journal ArticleDOI

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Journal ArticleDOI

The significance of responses of the genome to challenge

TL;DR: An attempt is made to outline several experiments conducted by the author that revealed how a genome may react to conditions for which it is unprepared, but to which it responds in a discernible, but initially unforeseen manner.
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Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human

TL;DR: In this paper, the homologous genes from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and human are identified and the proposed telomerase catalytic subunits represent a deep branch in the evolution of reverse transcriptases.
Journal ArticleDOI

Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation.

TL;DR: The results show that dietary methyl supplementation of a/a dams with extra folic acid, vitamin B12, choline, and betaine alter the phenotype of their Avy/a offspring via increased CpG methylation at the AvY locus and that the epigenetic metastability which confers this lability is due to the Avy transposable element.
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