Sick individuals and sick populations
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinant of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate: if exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it.Abstract:
Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The corresponding strategies in control are the 'high-risk' approach, which seeks to protect susceptible individuals, and the population approach, which seeks to control the causes of incidence. The two approaches are not usually in competition, but the prior concern should always be to discover and control the causes of incidence.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Inequalities in diet and nutrition
Richard Tiffin,Matthew Salois +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that when inequality is of concern, population-based measures must reflect this and approaches that target vulnerable populations which have a shared propensity to adopt unhealthy behaviours are appropriate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiovascular disease occurrence in two close but different social environments.
Carina Wennerholm,Björn Grip,AnnaKarin Johansson,Hans Nilsson,Marja-Liisa Honkasalo,Tomas Faresjö +5 more
TL;DR: Significant differences in risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality between the populations in the studied different social environments seem to be profound and stable over time and give implication for public health policy to initiate a community intervention program in the "blue-collar" twin city.
Journal ArticleDOI
Similarities in mortality patterns from influenza in the first half of the 20th century and the rise and fall of ischemic heart disease in the United States: a new hypothesis concerning the coronary heart disease epidemic
TL;DR: The data suggest that the 1918 influenza pandemic and the subsequent epidemics up to 1957 might have played a determinant role in the epidemic of CHD mortality registered in the 20th century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changing the conversation: applying a health equity framework to maternal mortality reviews.
Michael R. Kramer,Andrea E. Strahan,Jessica P. Preslar,Julie Zaharatos,Amy St. Pierre,Jacqueline E. Grant,Nicole L. Davis,David A. Goodman,William M. Callaghan +8 more
TL;DR: By incorporating a multileveled, theory-grounded framework for causes of health inequity, along with indicators of the 'community vital signs' - the social and community context in which women live, work, and seek healthcare - MMRCs may identify novel underlying factors at the community level that enhance understanding of racial and geographic inequity in maternal mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Genomics on Public Health Practice: The Case for Change
R.L. Zimmern,M.J. Khoury +1 more
TL;DR: Public health practice will not be able in the 21st century to ignore the impact of genomics, cell and molecular biology, and health systems will need to adapt their practice and organisation to include new sequencing technologies, bioinformatic expertise and proper evaluation of genetic and molecular tests.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease.
TL;DR: In this article, two types of preventive measures are proposed; the first consists in the removal of an unnatural factor and the restoration of biological normality as the reduction of intake of saturated fats would be in the case of heart disease; the second does not consist of removing a supposed cause of disease but in adding some other factors in the hope of conferring protection as a high intake of polyunsaturated fat and of long-term medication would be for heart disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate: Report1 from the Committee of Principal Investigators
M.F. Oliver,J. A. Heady,J.N. Morris,J. Cooper,H. Geizerova,I. Gyarfas,Green K,T. Strasser,W. G. Macfie,E. Scott,M. Czukas,J. Duba,E. Ostor,D. Grafnetter,Z. Hejil,Z. Pisa,K. Uemura,G. Lamm,J. M. Thorp +18 more
TL;DR: A double-blind intervention trial to test the hypothesis that the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged men can be reduced by lowering raised serum cholesterol levels found men with a substantial reduction of cholesterol concentration, who smoked, and also had above average blood pressure levels showed the most benefit.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male Civil Servants. A study of screening and intervention.
TL;DR: In this paper, a screening survey for cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among 18,403 male Civil Servants aged 40-64 years, representing a 77% response of those eligible.
Journal ArticleDOI
How well can we predict coronary heart disease? Findings in the United Kingdom Heart Disease Prevention Project.
TL;DR: Although a group of subjects at high risk can be identified, among whom will be a high proportion of potential victims of heart attack, many subjects will be wrongly classified and highlight the need for research to improve the prediction of the development of coronary heart disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
British Regional Heart Study: geographic variations in cardiovascular mortality, and the role of water quality.
TL;DR: A negative relation existed between water hardness and cardiovascular mortality, although climate and socioeconomic conditions also appeared to be important influences.
Related Papers (5)
European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012)
Massimo Piepoli,Arno W. Hoes,Stefan Agewall,Christian Albus,Carlos Brotons,Alberico L. Catapano,Marie Therese Cooney,Ugo Corrà,Bernard Cosyns,Christi Deaton,Ian D. Graham,Michael Stephen Hall,FD Richard Hobbs,Maja Lisa Løchen,Herbert Löllgen,Pedro Marques-Vidal,Joep Perk,Eva Prescott,Josep Redon,Dimitrios J. Richter,Naveed Sattar,Y.M. Smulders,Monica Tiberi,H. Bart van der Worp,Ineke van Dis,W M Monique Verschuren +25 more