Sick individuals and sick populations
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinant of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate: if exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it.Abstract:
Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The corresponding strategies in control are the 'high-risk' approach, which seeks to protect susceptible individuals, and the population approach, which seeks to control the causes of incidence. The two approaches are not usually in competition, but the prior concern should always be to discover and control the causes of incidence.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Daylight saving time as a potential public health intervention: an observational study of evening daylight and objectively-measured physical activity among 23,000 children from 9 countries
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined associations between time of sunset and activity levels, including using the bi-annual "changing of the clocks" as a natural experiment, and found that longer evening daylight was independently associated with a small increase in daily physical activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food insecurity measurement among older adults: Implications for policy and food security governance
TL;DR: Among older adults, food security governance, can be fostered by an ecological and multisectorial perspective, and by using valid monitoring instruments, according to a systematic literature review.
Journal ArticleDOI
Translational research in nephrology: chronic kidney disease prevention and public health
Katharina Brück,Vianda S. Stel,Moniek C.M. de Goeij,Fergus Caskey,Ameen Abu-Hanna,Kitty J. Jager +5 more
TL;DR: The treatment of both diabetes and hypertension appears to have improved, however the impact on CKD and CKD complications was not always clear and future studies need to investigate the most effective translational interventions in low and middle income countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring the continuum: medical information to effective clinical practice. Paper I: the translation of knowledge into clinical practice*
TL;DR: The influence of sociological factors on change, the impact of evidence-based medicine (EBM), and the role of industry are explored by exploring the translation of medical information into clinical practice and the roles of thoughtful dissent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress, diabetes, and infection: Syndemic suffering at an urban Kenyan hospital.
Emily Mendenhall,Gregory Barnabas Omondi,Edna N Bosire,Gitonga Isaiah,Abednego Musau,David M. Ndetei,David M. Ndetei,Victoria N. Mutiso +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that people experienced diabetes through a complex social and medical framework, where social problems were cause and consequence to psychological and physical suffering, and future studies should investigate syndemic clustering of infections and NCDs among low-income populations at the population-level.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease.
TL;DR: In this article, two types of preventive measures are proposed; the first consists in the removal of an unnatural factor and the restoration of biological normality as the reduction of intake of saturated fats would be in the case of heart disease; the second does not consist of removing a supposed cause of disease but in adding some other factors in the hope of conferring protection as a high intake of polyunsaturated fat and of long-term medication would be for heart disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate: Report1 from the Committee of Principal Investigators
M.F. Oliver,J. A. Heady,J.N. Morris,J. Cooper,H. Geizerova,I. Gyarfas,Green K,T. Strasser,W. G. Macfie,E. Scott,M. Czukas,J. Duba,E. Ostor,D. Grafnetter,Z. Hejil,Z. Pisa,K. Uemura,G. Lamm,J. M. Thorp +18 more
TL;DR: A double-blind intervention trial to test the hypothesis that the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged men can be reduced by lowering raised serum cholesterol levels found men with a substantial reduction of cholesterol concentration, who smoked, and also had above average blood pressure levels showed the most benefit.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male Civil Servants. A study of screening and intervention.
TL;DR: In this paper, a screening survey for cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among 18,403 male Civil Servants aged 40-64 years, representing a 77% response of those eligible.
Journal ArticleDOI
How well can we predict coronary heart disease? Findings in the United Kingdom Heart Disease Prevention Project.
TL;DR: Although a group of subjects at high risk can be identified, among whom will be a high proportion of potential victims of heart attack, many subjects will be wrongly classified and highlight the need for research to improve the prediction of the development of coronary heart disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
British Regional Heart Study: geographic variations in cardiovascular mortality, and the role of water quality.
TL;DR: A negative relation existed between water hardness and cardiovascular mortality, although climate and socioeconomic conditions also appeared to be important influences.
Related Papers (5)
European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012)
Massimo Piepoli,Arno W. Hoes,Stefan Agewall,Christian Albus,Carlos Brotons,Alberico L. Catapano,Marie Therese Cooney,Ugo Corrà,Bernard Cosyns,Christi Deaton,Ian D. Graham,Michael Stephen Hall,FD Richard Hobbs,Maja Lisa Løchen,Herbert Löllgen,Pedro Marques-Vidal,Joep Perk,Eva Prescott,Josep Redon,Dimitrios J. Richter,Naveed Sattar,Y.M. Smulders,Monica Tiberi,H. Bart van der Worp,Ineke van Dis,W M Monique Verschuren +25 more