Sick individuals and sick populations
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Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinant of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate: if exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it.Abstract:
Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The corresponding strategies in control are the 'high-risk' approach, which seeks to protect susceptible individuals, and the population approach, which seeks to control the causes of incidence. The two approaches are not usually in competition, but the prior concern should always be to discover and control the causes of incidence.read more
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The Fat Studies Reader
TL;DR: Wann and Wann as mentioned in this paper discuss the social and historical construction of fatness, and propose an invitation to revolution in the context of fat studies in health and medicine and popular culture and literature.
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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Epidemiology and Risk Assessment
TL;DR: The recently published Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) study, which showed that tel Misartan was as effective as ramipril in the prevention of a range of cardiovascular outcomes, enrolled a broad cross section of high-risk patients.
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Attributable risk Of psychiatric and socio-economic factors for suicide from individual-level, population-based studies: A systematic review
TL;DR: Prevention strategies which focus on lower socio-economic strata (more distal risk factors) have the potential to have similar population-level effects as strategies which target more proximal psychiatric risk factors in the prevention and control of suicide.
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American Heart Association Guide for Improving Cardiovascular Health at the Community Level A Statement for Public Health Practitioners, Healthcare Providers, and Health Policy Makers From the American Heart Association Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science
Thomas A. Pearson,Terry L. Bazzarre,Stephen R. Daniels,Joan M. Fair,Stephen P. Fortmann,Barry A. Franklin,Larry B. Goldstein,Yuling Hong,George A. Mensah,James F. Sallis,Sidney C. Smith,Neil J. Stone,Kathryn A. Taubert +12 more
TL;DR: This Guide for Improving Cardiovascular Health at the Community Level (Community Guide) is intended to provide persons and organizations interested in improving the cardiovascular health of their communities with a comprehensive list of goals, strategies, and recommendations that might be implemented on a community-wide basis.
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If suicide is a public health problem, what are we doing to prevent it?
TL;DR: It is examined whether the current urgency to develop effective interventions for suicide prevention can benefit from an understanding of the evolution of population-based strategies to prevent heart disease.
References
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Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease.
TL;DR: In this article, two types of preventive measures are proposed; the first consists in the removal of an unnatural factor and the restoration of biological normality as the reduction of intake of saturated fats would be in the case of heart disease; the second does not consist of removing a supposed cause of disease but in adding some other factors in the hope of conferring protection as a high intake of polyunsaturated fat and of long-term medication would be for heart disease.
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A Co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate: Report1 from the Committee of Principal Investigators
M.F. Oliver,J. A. Heady,J.N. Morris,J. Cooper,H. Geizerova,I. Gyarfas,Green K,T. Strasser,W. G. Macfie,E. Scott,M. Czukas,J. Duba,E. Ostor,D. Grafnetter,Z. Hejil,Z. Pisa,K. Uemura,G. Lamm,J. M. Thorp +18 more
TL;DR: A double-blind intervention trial to test the hypothesis that the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged men can be reduced by lowering raised serum cholesterol levels found men with a substantial reduction of cholesterol concentration, who smoked, and also had above average blood pressure levels showed the most benefit.
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Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male Civil Servants. A study of screening and intervention.
TL;DR: In this paper, a screening survey for cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among 18,403 male Civil Servants aged 40-64 years, representing a 77% response of those eligible.
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How well can we predict coronary heart disease? Findings in the United Kingdom Heart Disease Prevention Project.
TL;DR: Although a group of subjects at high risk can be identified, among whom will be a high proportion of potential victims of heart attack, many subjects will be wrongly classified and highlight the need for research to improve the prediction of the development of coronary heart disease.
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British Regional Heart Study: geographic variations in cardiovascular mortality, and the role of water quality.
TL;DR: A negative relation existed between water hardness and cardiovascular mortality, although climate and socioeconomic conditions also appeared to be important influences.
Related Papers (5)
European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012)
Massimo Piepoli,Arno W. Hoes,Stefan Agewall,Christian Albus,Carlos Brotons,Alberico L. Catapano,Marie Therese Cooney,Ugo Corrà,Bernard Cosyns,Christi Deaton,Ian D. Graham,Michael Stephen Hall,FD Richard Hobbs,Maja Lisa Løchen,Herbert Löllgen,Pedro Marques-Vidal,Joep Perk,Eva Prescott,Josep Redon,Dimitrios J. Richter,Naveed Sattar,Y.M. Smulders,Monica Tiberi,H. Bart van der Worp,Ineke van Dis,W M Monique Verschuren +25 more