Spontaneous and spindle poison-induced micronuclei and chromosome non-disjunction in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes from two age groups of women
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TLDR
It was confirmed that age increases micronucleus frequency and non-disjunction of chromosomes X and 8 also increased with age, chromosome X being the more sensitive.Abstract:
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to evaluate spontaneous and aneuploidogen-induced micronucleus frequencies and non-disjunction of chromosomes X and 8 in cultured binucleated lymphocytes of women of two age groups. Demecolcine and vincristine were used as model aneuploidogens to induce micronuclei and chromosome malsegregation. Four of the women were aged 22-26 (mean 24.3) years and four 47-50 (mean 49.0) years. Pancentromeric FISH was applied to micronuclei to identify chromosomes and double-color centromeric FISH, performed in binucleates of two young and two older women, was used to assess the involvement of chromosomes X and 8 in micronuclei and non-disjunction. It was confirmed that age increases micronucleus frequency. Micronuclei containing whole chromosomes predominated in older females. Age also enhanced micronuclei containing acentric chromosome fragments. The inclusion of chromosomes X and 8 in micronuclei was enhanced by age and chromosome X was generally overrepresented. Non-disjunction of chromosomes X and 8 also increased with age, chromosome X being the more sensitive. Treatment of lymphocytes with vincristine and demecolcine increased micronucleus frequency and malsegregation of chromosomes X and 8 in both age groups. Comparison of the estimated frequencies of micronucleation and non-disjunction for all human chromosomes showed that non-disjunction is the main type of chromosome malsegregation.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes.
TL;DR: The cytokinesis-block method appears to be the procedure of choice for quantitating micronuclei in lymphocytes and was of no value for measuring pre-existing chromosomal damage present in vivo.
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The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique: A detailed description of the method and its application to genotoxicity studies in human populations
TL;DR: The versatility and simplicity of the CBMN assay together with new developments in automation should ensure its successful application in monitoring exposed populations as well as in identifying mutagen-sensitive individuals within a population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human aneuploidy: Incidence, origin, and etiology
Terry J. Hassold,Michael A. Abruzzo,Kenneth Adkins,Darren K. Griffin,Michelle C. Merrill,Elise Millie,Denise Saker,Joseph J. Shen,Michael V. Zaragoza +8 more
TL;DR: This review discusses recent molecular data on the mechanism of origin of different aneuploid conditions, the basis of the maternal age effect on aneuPloidy, and the importance of aberrant genetic recombination to the genesis of aneuPLoidy.
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HUman MicroNucleus Project: International database comparison for results with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes: I. Effect of laboratory protocol, scoring criteria, and host factors on the frequency of micronuclei
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TL;DR: The best model, which included exposure to genotoxic factors, host factors, methods, and scoring criteria, explained 75% of the total variance, with the largest contribution attributable to laboratory methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Induction of micronuclei by five pyrethroid insecticides in whole-blood and isolated human lymphocyte cultures.
TL;DR: The existing information appears to support the idea that pyrethroid insecticides have a weak (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenpropathrin) or nule (fenvalerate and permethrin) genotoxic activity in vitro.