The broad-spectrum antiviral functions of IFIT and IFITM proteins
TLDR
This Review focuses on recent advances in identifying the unique mechanisms of action of IFIT and IFITM proteins, which explain their broad-spectrum activity against the replication, spread and pathogenesis of a range of human viruses.Abstract:
Over the past few years, several groups have identified new genes that are transcriptionally induced downstream of type I interferon (IFN) signalling and that inhibit infection by individual or multiple families of viruses. Among these IFN-stimulated genes with antiviral activity are two genetically and functionally distinct families--the IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) family and the IFN-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) family. This Review focuses on recent advances in identifying the unique mechanisms of action of IFIT and IFITM proteins, which explain their broad-spectrum activity against the replication, spread and pathogenesis of a range of human viruses.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Interferon-Stimulated Genes: A Complex Web of Host Defenses
TL;DR: This review begins by introducing interferon (IFN) and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to highlight features that impact ISG production and describes ways in which ISGs both enhance innate pathogen-sensing capabilities and negatively regulate signaling through the Jak-STAT pathway.
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Heightened Innate Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of COVID-19 Patients.
Zhuo Zhou,Zhuo Zhou,Lili Ren,Li Zhang,Jiaxin Zhong,Jiaxin Zhong,Yan Xiao,Jia Zhilong,Li Guo,Jing Yang,Jing Yang,Chun Wang,Chun Wang,Shuai Jiang,Donghong Yang,Guoliang Zhang,Hongru Li,Fuhui Chen,Yu Xu,Mingwei Chen,Zhancheng Gao,Jian Yang,Jie Dong,Bo Liu,Xiannian Zhang,Weidong Wang,Kunlun He,Qi Jin,Mingkun Li,Mingkun Li,Mingkun Li,Jianwei Wang +31 more
TL;DR: The expression of proinflammatory genes, especially chemokines, was markedly elevated in COVID-19 cases compared to community-acquired pneumonia patients and healthy controls, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes hypercytokinemia.
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Exosomes mediate the cell-to-cell transmission of IFN-α-induced antiviral activity
Jianhua Li,Kuancheng Liu,Yang Liu,Yan Xu,Fei Zhang,Huijuan Yang,Jiangxia Liu,Tingting Pan,Jieliang Chen,Min Wu,Xiaohui Zhou,Zhenghong Yuan +11 more
TL;DR: An antiviral mechanism of IFN-α activity that involves the induction and intercellular transfer of antiviral molecules via exosomes is proposed and contributed to the antiviral response of IFn-α to mouse hepatitis virus A59 and adenovirus in mice.
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Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent.
TL;DR: A Phase 2b/3 clinical trial recently published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that oral administration of nitazoxanide 600mg twice daily for five days reduced the duration of clinical symptoms and reduced viral shedding compared to placebo in persons with laboratory-confirmed influenza.
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The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses
TL;DR: The basic biology of these viruses, their life cycles, the diseases they cause and available therapeutic options are reviewed, and the global distribution of flaviviruses is discussed, with a focus on lesser-known species that have the potential to emerge more broadly in human populations.
References
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TL;DR: It is shown that different viruses are targeted by unique sets of ISGs, and that each viral species is susceptible to multiple antiviral genes, which together encompass a range of inhibitory activities.
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The IFITM Proteins Mediate Cellular Resistance to Influenza A H1N1 Virus, West Nile Virus, and Dengue Virus
Abraham L. Brass,Abraham L. Brass,Abraham L. Brass,I-Chueh Huang,Yair Benita,Sinu P. John,Manoj N. Krishnan,Eric M. Feeley,Bethany J. Ryan,Jessica L. Weyer,Louise van der Weyden,Erol Fikrig,David J. Adams,Ramnik J. Xavier,Michael Farzan,Stephen J. Elledge +15 more
TL;DR: It is discovered that the interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins IFITM1, 2, and 3 restrict an early step in influenza A viral replication.
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