The cytoplasm of living cells behaves as a poroelastic material
Emad Moeendarbary,Léo Valon,Léo Valon,Marco Fritzsche,Marco Fritzsche,Andrew R. Harris,Andrew R. Harris,Dale Moulding,Adrian J. Thrasher,Eleanor Stride,Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan,Guillaume Charras,Guillaume Charras +12 more
TLDR
The poroelastic model is directly validated to explain cellular rheology at physiologically relevant timescales using microindentation tests in conjunction with mechanical, chemical and genetic treatments and shows that water redistribution through the solid phase of the cytoplasm (cytoskeleton and macromolecular crowders) plays a fundamental role in setting cellularRheology.Abstract:
The cytoplasm is the largest part of the cell by volume and hence its rheology sets the rate at which cellular shape changes can occur. Recent experimental evidence suggests that cytoplasmic rheology can be described by a poroelastic model, in which the cytoplasm is treated as a biphasic material consisting of a porous elastic solid meshwork (cytoskeleton, organelles, macromolecules) bathed in an interstitial fluid (cytosol). In this picture, the rate of cellular deformation is limited by the rate at which intracellular water can redistribute within the cytoplasm. However, direct supporting evidence for the model is lacking. Here we directly validate the poroelastic model to explain cellular rheology at physiologically relevant timescales using microindentation tests in conjunction with mechanical, chemical and genetic treatments. Our results show that water redistribution through the solid phase of the cytoplasm (cytoskeleton and macromolecular crowders) plays a fundamental role in setting cellular rheology.read more
Citations
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Effects of extracellular matrix viscoelasticity on cellular behaviour.
TL;DR: The role of viscoelasticity of tissues and extracellular matrices in cell–matrix interactions and mechanotransduction and the potential utility of vis coelastic biomaterials in regenerative medicine are explored.
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A comparison of methods to assess cell mechanical properties.
Pei Hsun Wu,Dikla Raz-Ben Aroush,Atef Asnacios,Wei Chiang Chen,Maxim Dokukin,Bryant L. Doss,Pauline Durand-Smet,Andrew Ekpenyong,Jochen Guck,Nataliia Guz,Paul A. Janmey,Jerry S.H. Lee,Jerry S.H. Lee,Nicole M. Moore,Albrecht Ott,Yeh Chuin Poh,Robert Ros,Mathias Sander,Igor M. Sokolov,Jack R. Staunton,Ning Wang,Graeme Whyte,Denis Wirtz +22 more
TL;DR: This Analysis compares and contrasts methods for measuring the mechanical properties of cells by applying the different approaches to the same breast cancer cell line, highlighting how elastic and viscous moduli of MCF-7 breast cancer cells can vary 1,000-fold and 100-fold.
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Atomic force microscopy-based mechanobiology
Michael Krieg,Gotthold Fläschner,David Alsteens,Benjamin M. Gaub,Wouter H. Roos,Gijs J.L. Wuite,Hermann E. Gaub,Christoph Gerber,Yves F. Dufrêne,Daniel J. Müller +9 more
TL;DR: The potential of combining AFM with complementary techniques, including optical microscopy and spectroscopy of mechanosensitive fluorescent constructs, super-resolution microscopy, the patch clamp technique and the use of microstructured and fluidic devices to characterize the 3D distribution of mechanical responses within biological systems and to track their morphology and functional state as discussed by the authors.
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Quantifying forces in cell biology
TL;DR: As mechanics is increasingly revealed to play a fundamental role in cell function it is envisage that tools to quantify physical forces may soon become widely applied in life-sciences laboratories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cortical contractility triggers a stochastic switch to fast amoeboid cell motility.
Verena Ruprecht,Stefan Wieser,Stefan Wieser,Andrew Callan-Jones,Michael Smutny,Hitoshi Morita,Keisuke Sako,Vanessa Barone,Monika Ritsch-Marte,Michael Sixt,Raphaël Voituriez,Carl-Philipp Heisenberg +11 more
TL;DR: 3D amoeboid cell migration is central to many developmental and disease-related processes such as cancer metastasis and it is shown that rearward cortical flows drive stable-bleb cell migration in various adhesive and non-adhesive environments, unraveling a highly versatile amoEBoid migration phenotype.
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