Journal ArticleDOI
The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: a global meta‐analysis
TLDR
New equations derived giving both π(tlp) and relative water content at turgor loss point (RWC(tlP) ) as explicit functions of osmotic potential at full turgors (π(o) ) and bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) showed that π (o) is the major driver of π-tlp .Abstract:
Increasing drought is one of the most critical challenges facing species and ecosystems worldwide, and improved theory and practices are needed for quantification of species tolerances. Leaf water potential at turgor loss, or wilting (π(tlp) ), is classically recognised as a major physiological determinant of plant water stress response. However, the cellular basis of π(tlp) and its importance for predicting ecological drought tolerance have been controversial. A meta-analysis of 317 species from 72 studies showed that π(tlp) was strongly correlated with water availability within and across biomes, indicating power for anticipating drought responses. We derived new equations giving both π(tlp) and relative water content at turgor loss point (RWC(tlp) ) as explicit functions of osmotic potential at full turgor (π(o) ) and bulk modulus of elasticity (e). Sensitivity analyses and meta-analyses showed that π(o) is the major driver of π(tlp) . In contrast, e plays no direct role in driving drought tolerance within or across species, but sclerophylly and elastic adjustments act to maintain RWC(tlp,) preventing cell dehydration, and additionally protect against nutrient, mechanical and herbivory stresses independent of drought tolerance. These findings clarify biogeographic trends and the underlying basis of drought tolerance parameters with applications in comparative assessments of species and ecosystems worldwide.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide
Natalia Pérez-Harguindeguy,Sandra Díaz,Eric Garnier,Sandra Lavorel,Hendrik Poorter,Pedro Jaureguiberry,M.S. Bret-Harte,William K. Cornwell,Joseph M. Craine,Diego E. Gurvich,Carlos Urcelay,Erik J. Veneklaas,Peter B. Reich,Lourens Poorter,Ian J. Wright,P. Ray,Lucas Enrico,Juli G. Pausas,A. C. de Vos,Nina Buchmann,Guillermo Funes,Fabien Quétier,Fabien Quétier,John G. Hodgson,Ken Thompson,H. D. Morgan,H. ter Steege,M.G.A. Van Der Heijden,Lawren Sack,Benjamin Blonder,Peter Poschlod,Maria Victoria Vaieretti,Georgina Conti,A. C. Staver,S. Aquino,Johannes H. C. Cornelissen +35 more
TL;DR: This new handbook has a better balance between whole-plant traits, leaf traits, root and stem traits and regenerative traits, and puts particular emphasis on traits important for predicting species’ effects on key ecosystem properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
The world‐wide ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto
Peter B. Reich,Peter B. Reich +1 more
TL;DR: A single ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum that integrates across leaves, stems and roots is a key feature of the plant universe and helps to explain individual ecological strategies, community assembly processes and the functioning of ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Triggers of tree mortality under drought
Brendan Choat,Timothy J. Brodribb,Craig R. Brodersen,Remko A. Duursma,Rosana López,Rosana López,Belinda E. Medlyn +6 more
TL;DR: This work focuses on the current understanding of tree hydraulic performance under drought, the identification of physiological thresholds that precipitate mortality and the mechanisms of recovery after drought, and the potential application of hydraulic thresholds to process-based models that predict mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Osmotic adjustment is a prime drought stress adaptive engine in support of plant production
TL;DR: Over all crops a positive and significant association between OA and yield under drought stress were found in 24 out of 26 cases, considering that it is generally difficult to find a singular plant trait responsible for yield advantage of numerous crops under different drought stress conditions, this evidence is no less than remarkable as proof that OA sustains crop yieldunder drought stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis reveals that hydraulic traits explain cross-species patterns of drought-induced tree mortality across the globe
William R. L. Anderegg,Tamir Klein,Megan K. Bartlett,Lawren Sack,Adam F. A. Pellegrini,Brendan Choat,Steven Jansen +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a meta-analysis on species' mortality rates across 475 species from 33 studies around the globe to assess which traits determine a species’ mortality risk and found that species-specific mortality anomalies from community mortality rate in a given drought were associated with plant hydraulic traits.
References
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