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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research

Eric Groce
- Vol. 104, Iss: 4, pp 32-32
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TLDR
Despite increased cannabis use and a changing state-level policy landscape, conclusive evidence regarding the shortand long-term health effects—both harms and benefits—of cannabis use remains elusive.
Abstract
Recent years have seen a rapid rise in the medical and recreational use of cannabis: a broad term that can be used to describe the various products and chemical compounds (e.g., marijuana, cannabinoids) derived from different species of the cannabis plant. Despite increased cannabis use and a changing state-level policy landscape, conclusive evidence regarding the shortand long-term health effects—both harms and benefits—of cannabis use remains elusive.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States.

TL;DR: Both anxious/distressed specifier and mixed-features specifier were associated with early onset, poor course and functioning, and suicidality in US adults, and much remains to be learned about the DSM-5 MDD specifiers in the general population.
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Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

TL;DR: Although individual-level risk remains moderate to low and results from this study should be confirmed in future adequately powered prospective studies, the high prevalence of adolescents consuming cannabis generates a large number of young people who could develop depression and suicidality attributable to cannabis.
Journal ArticleDOI

US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems

TL;DR: An overview of the changing US epidemiology of cannabis use and associated problems suggests national increases in cannabis potency, prenatal and unintentional childhood exposure; and in adults, increased use, CUD, cannabis-related emergency room visits, and fatal vehicle crashes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of people with chronic noncancer pain conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and observational studies.

TL;DR: It seems unlikely that cannabinoids are highly effective medicines for CNCP, as effects suggest that number needed to treat to benefit is high, and number neededto treat to harm is low, with limited impact on other domains.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

TL;DR: There is scarce evidence to suggest that cannabinoids improve depressive disorders and symptoms, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, or psychosis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Cannabis use and mania symptoms : a systematic review and meta-analysis

TL;DR: It is suggested that cannabis use may worsen the occurrence of manic symptoms in those diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and may also act as a causal risk factor in the incidence of manic Symptoms.
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Marijuana use and risk of lung cancer: a 40-year cohort study

TL;DR: This study provides initial longitudinal evidence that cannabis use might elevate the risk of lung cancer among young marijuana users and provides important data for informing the risk–benefit calculus of marijuana smoking in medical, public-health, and drug-policy settings.
Journal ArticleDOI

Quality assessment of observational studies is not commonplace in systematic reviews.

TL;DR: Quality assessment does not routinely occur in systematic reviews of observational studies and where it does occur, there is no clear consensus in the method used.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of cannabis on lung function: a population-based cohort study

TL;DR: Cannabis use was associated with higher lung volumes, suggesting hyperinflation and increased large-airways resistance, but there was little evidence for airflow obstruction or impairment of gas transfer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Adolescent precursors of cannabis dependence: findings from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined adolescent precursors of young-adult cannabis dependence and found that weekly cannabis use marks a threshold for increased risk of later dependence, with selection of cannabis in preference to alcohol possibly indicating an early addiction process.
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