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The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research

Eric Groce
- Vol. 104, Iss: 4, pp 32-32
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TLDR
Despite increased cannabis use and a changing state-level policy landscape, conclusive evidence regarding the shortand long-term health effects—both harms and benefits—of cannabis use remains elusive.
Abstract
Recent years have seen a rapid rise in the medical and recreational use of cannabis: a broad term that can be used to describe the various products and chemical compounds (e.g., marijuana, cannabinoids) derived from different species of the cannabis plant. Despite increased cannabis use and a changing state-level policy landscape, conclusive evidence regarding the shortand long-term health effects—both harms and benefits—of cannabis use remains elusive.

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Citations
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State marijuana laws and opioid overdose mortality

TL;DR: It remains unclear whether the presumed benefit of legalizing marijuana in reducing opioid-related harms outweighs the policy’s externalities, such as its impact on mental health and traffic safety.
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Understanding the evidence for medical cannabis and cannabis-based medicines for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain

TL;DR: The current evidence for medical cannabis and cannabis-based medicines in the treatment and management of chronic non-cancer pain is outlined and limits on generalisability of previous findings are discussed.
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Position Statement: A Pragmatic Approach for Medical Cannabis and Patients with Rheumatic Diseases

TL;DR: Evidence is insufficient about the benefit of pharmaceutical cannabinoids in fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and back pain, but there is evidence of a high risk of harm.
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A Review of Cannabis in Chronic Kidney Disease Symptom Management

TL;DR: Clinicians need to be cognizant that nonsynthetic cannabinoid preparations, particularly smoked cannabis, can pose significant health risks and these must be cautiously weighed against the limited substantiated therapeutic benefits of cannabis in patients with CKD.
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Prevalence of problematic cannabis use in Canada: Cross-sectional findings from the 2013 Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey

TL;DR: A very small proportion of Canadians report using cannabis to a degree that is problematic, and youth and young adults between the ages of 15 and 29 consistently reported a greater prevalence of problems associated with their cannabis consumption than their older counterparts.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

TL;DR: An issue concerning the criteria for tic disorders is highlighted, and how this might affect classification of dyskinesias in psychotic spectrum disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI

Systematic Review: Process of Forming Academic Service Partnerships to Reform Clinical Education

TL;DR: This study’s findings can provide practical guidelines to steer partnership programs within the academic and clinical bodies, with the aim of providing a collaborative partnership approach to clinical education.

The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses

TL;DR: The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) as discussed by the authors was developed to assess the quality of nonrandomised studies with its design, content and ease of use directed to the task of incorporating the quality assessments in the interpretation of meta-analytic results.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review

TL;DR: There is now sufficient evidence to warn young people that using cannabis could increase their risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life, although evidence for affective outcomes is less strong.
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