The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status.
Yan Rong Guo,Qing Dong Cao,Zhong Si Hong,Yuan Yang Tan,Shoudeng Chen,Hong Jun Jin,Kai Sen Tan,De Yun Wang,Yan Yan +8 more
TLDR
The latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are summarized, and the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus are discussed.Abstract:
An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses
TL;DR: The research into neurological complications in CoV infections and the possible mechanisms of damage to the nervous system are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The COVID-19 Cytokine Storm; What We Know So Far.
TL;DR: Targeting cytokines during the management of COVID-19 patients could improve survival rates and reduce mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review.
Giuseppe Pascarella,Alessandro Strumia,Chiara Piliego,Federica Bruno,Romualdo Del Buono,Fabio Costa,Simone Scarlata,Felice Eugenio Agrò +7 more
TL;DR: An overview of the known clinical features and treatment options for COVID‐19 is provided and quarantine is the only intervention that appears to be effective in decreasing the contagion rate.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease.
Víctor J. Costela-Ruiz,Rebeca Illescas-Montes,Jose M. Puerta-Puerta,Concepción Ruiz,Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez +4 more
TL;DR: This study reviews published data on alterations in the expression of different cytokines in patients with COVID-19 who require admission to an intensive care unit to support the design of more effective approaches to the management of CO VID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response.
Indwiani Astuti,Ysrafil +1 more
TL;DR: This review provides a complete review related to structure, origin, and how the body responds to this virus infection and explains the possibility of an immune system over-reaction or cytokine storm.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China.
TL;DR: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) infection is spreading and its incidence is increasing nationwide, and the first deaths occurred mostly in elderly people, among whom the disease might progress faster.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Canada
Susan M. Poutanen,Susan M. Poutanen,Donald E. Low,Bonnie Henry,Sandy Finkelstein,David Rose,Karen Green,Raymond Tellier,Raymond Tellier,Ryan Draker,Dena Adachi,Melissa Ayers,Adrienne K. Chan,Danuta M. Skowronski,Irving E. Salit,Andrew E. Simor,Arthur S. Slutsky,Patrick Doyle,Mel Krajden,Martin Petric,Robert C. Brunham,Allison McGeer +21 more
TL;DR: SARS appears to be of viral origin, with patterns suggesting droplet or contact transmission, and the role of human metapneumovirus, a novel coronavirus, or both requires further investigation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity to virus infection.
Osamu Takeuchi,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of viral RNA recognition by these different types of receptors and its relation to acquired immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases
TL;DR: The available information on the effects of chloroquine on viral infections is reviewed, raising the question of whether this old drug may experience a revival in the clinical management of viral diseases such as AIDS and severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry
Graham Simmons,Dhaval N. Gosalia,Andrew J. Rennekamp,Jacqueline D. Reeves,Scott L. Diamond,Paul Bates +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that the lysosomotropic-agent-mediated block to SARS-CoV infection is overcome by protease treatment of target-cell-associated virus, and the requirement for cathepsin L proteolysis identifies a previously uncharacterized class of inhibitor for SARS
Related Papers (5)
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Chaolin Huang,Yeming Wang,Xingwang Li,Lili Ren,Jianping Zhao,Yi Hu,Li Zhang,Guohui Fan,Jiuyang Xu,Xiaoying Gu,Zhenshun Cheng,Ting Yu,Jia'an Xia,Yuan Wei,Wenjuan Wu,Xuelei Xie,Wen Yin,Li Hui,Min Liu,Yan Xiao,Hong Gao,Li Guo,Jungang Xie,Guang-Fa Wang,Rongmeng Jiang,Zhancheng Gao,Qi Jin,Jianwei Wang,Bin Cao +28 more
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Peng Zhou,Xing-Lou Yang,Xian Guang Wang,Ben Hu,Lei Zhang,Wei Zhang,Hao Rui Si,Yan Zhu,Bei Li,Chao Lin Huang,Hui-Dong Chen,Jing Chen,Yun Luo,Hua Guo,Ren Di Jiang,Meiqin Liu,Ying Chen,Xu Rui Shen,Xi Wang,Xiao Shuang Zheng,Kai Zhao,Quanjiao Chen,Fei Deng,Lin Lin Liu,Bing Yan,Fa Xian Zhan,Yan-Yi Wang,Gengfu Xiao,Zhengli Shi +28 more
Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.
Wei-jie Guan,Zhengyi Ni,Yu Hu,Wenhua Liang,Chun-Quan Ou,Jianxing He,Lei Liu,Hong Shan,Chunliang Lei,David S.C. Hui,Bin Du,Lanjuan Li,Guang Zeng,Kowk-Yung Yuen,Ruchong Chen,Chun-Li Tang,Tao Wang,Ping-Yan Chen,Jie Xiang,Shiyue Li,Jinlin Wang,Zi-jing Liang,Yi-xiang Peng,Li Wei,Yong Liu,Ya-hua Hu,Peng Peng,Jian-ming Wang,Ji-yang Liu,Zhong Chen,Gang Li,Zhi-jian Zheng,Shao-qin Qiu,Jie Luo,Chang-jiang Ye,Shao-yong Zhu,Nanshan Zhong +36 more