The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status.
Yan Rong Guo,Qing Dong Cao,Zhong Si Hong,Yuan Yang Tan,Shoudeng Chen,Hong Jun Jin,Kai Sen Tan,De Yun Wang,Yan Yan +8 more
TLDR
The latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are summarized, and the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus are discussed.Abstract:
An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.read more
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Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses
TL;DR: The research into neurological complications in CoV infections and the possible mechanisms of damage to the nervous system are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The COVID-19 Cytokine Storm; What We Know So Far.
TL;DR: Targeting cytokines during the management of COVID-19 patients could improve survival rates and reduce mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review.
Giuseppe Pascarella,Alessandro Strumia,Chiara Piliego,Federica Bruno,Romualdo Del Buono,Fabio Costa,Simone Scarlata,Felice Eugenio Agrò +7 more
TL;DR: An overview of the known clinical features and treatment options for COVID‐19 is provided and quarantine is the only intervention that appears to be effective in decreasing the contagion rate.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease.
Víctor J. Costela-Ruiz,Rebeca Illescas-Montes,Jose M. Puerta-Puerta,Concepción Ruiz,Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez +4 more
TL;DR: This study reviews published data on alterations in the expression of different cytokines in patients with COVID-19 who require admission to an intensive care unit to support the design of more effective approaches to the management of CO VID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response.
Indwiani Astuti,Ysrafil +1 more
TL;DR: This review provides a complete review related to structure, origin, and how the body responds to this virus infection and explains the possibility of an immune system over-reaction or cytokine storm.
References
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Modeling Nigerian Covid-19 cases: A comparative analysis of models and estimators
Kayode Ayinde,Adewale F. Lukman,Rauf Ibrahim Rauf,Olusegun. O. Alabi,Charles E. Okon,Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde +5 more
TL;DR: The forecast values of the LAD estimator for May and June 2020 are alarming, and the Nigerian Government needs to hastily review her activities and interventions towards COVID-19 to provide some tactical and robust structures and measures to avert these challenges.
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Poultry farms as a source of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus reassortment and human infection
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that poultry farms could be a source of reassortment between H7N9 virus and H9N2 virus as well as human infection, which emphasizes the importance to public health of active avian influenza surveillance at poultry farms.
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Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients.
TL;DR: The potential advantages of the most promising pharmacological approaches to improve prognosis and quality of care in Sars-CoV-2 complications are discussed.
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Antiviral Drugs Against Alphaherpesvirus.
TL;DR: The helicase-primase inhibitors pritelivir and amenamevir have novel mechanisms of action, drug resistance properties, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and clinical efficacy for treating genital herpes and will be the beginning of a new era of anti-herpes therapy.
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