Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship between the fatty acid composition of immune cells and their function.
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TLDR
The fatty acid composition of human immune cells influences their function and the cell membrane contents of arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA are important, suggesting important roles of fatty acids in membrane order, lipid raft structure and function, and membrane trafficking.Abstract:
The immune system, including its inflammatory components, is fundamental to host defence against pathogenic invaders. It is a complex system involving interactions amongst many different cell types dispersed throughout the body. Central to its actions are phagocytosis of bacteria, processing of antigens derived from intracellular and extracellular pathogens, activation of T cells with clonal expansion (proliferation) and production of cytokines that elicit effector cell functions such as antibody production and killing cell activity. Inappropriate immunologic activity, including inflammation, is a characteristic of many common human disorders. Eicosanoids produced from arachidonic acid have roles in inflammation and regulation of T and B lymphocyte functions. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) also gives rise to eicosanoids and these may have differing properties from those of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids. EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) give rise to newly discovered resolvins which are anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving. Human immune cells are typically rich in arachidonic acid, but arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA contents can be altered through oral administration of EPA and DHA. This results in a changed pattern of production of eicosanoids and probably also of resolvins, although the latter are not well examined in the human context. Changing the fatty acid composition of immune cells also affects phagocytosis, T cell signaling and antigen presentation capability. These effects appear to mediated at the membrane level suggesting important roles of fatty acids in membrane order, lipid raft structure and function, and membrane trafficking. Thus, the fatty acid composition of human immune cells influences their function and the cell membrane contents of arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA are important. Fatty acids influence immune cell function through a variety of complex mechanisms and these mechanisms are now beginning to be unraveled.read more
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Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance
TL;DR: Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of marine n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, and inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes.
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Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology?
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Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
Philip C. Calder,Namanjeet Ahluwalia,Fred Brouns,Timo Buetler,Karine Clément,Karen Cunningham,Katherine Esposito,Lena S. Jönsson,Hubert Kolb,Mirian Lansink,Ascensión Marcos,Andrew N. Margioris,Nathan V. Matusheski,Herve Nordmann,John O’Brien,Giuseppe Pugliese,Salwa W. Rizkalla,Casper G. Schalkwijk,Jaakko Tuomilehto,Julia Wärnberg,Bernhard Watzl,Brigitte M. Winklhofer-Roob +21 more
TL;DR: Potential mechanisms are described and research gaps, which limit the understanding of the interaction between diet and postprandial and chronic low-grade inflammation, are identified.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the synthesis ofIL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, and tumor necrosis factor can be suppressed by dietary supplementation with long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resolvins: a family of bioactive products of omega-3 fatty acid transformation circuits initiated by aspirin treatment that counter proinflammation signals.
Charles N. Serhan,Song Hong,Karsten Gronert,Sean P. Colgan,Pallavi R. Devchand,Gudrun E. Mirick,Rose-Laure Moussignac +6 more
TL;DR: It is reported that lipidomic analysis of exudates obtained in the resolution phase from mice treated with ASA and docosahexaenoic acid produce a novel family of bioactive 17R-hydroxy-containing di- and tri-Hydroxy-docosanoids termed resolvins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on in vitro neutrophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neutrophil function
Tak H. Lee,Hoover Rl,John D. Williams,Richard I. Sperling,Ravalese J rd,Bernd W. Spur,Dwight R. Robinson,E. J. Corey,Robert A. Lewis,K F Austen +9 more
TL;DR: The effects of dietary fish-oil fatty acids on the function of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of peripheral-blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes were determined in seven normal subjects who supplemented their usual diet with daily doses of triglycerides.