Journal ArticleDOI
Wiring specificity in the direction-selectivity circuit of the retina
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It is shown, using serial block-face electron microscopy and two-photon calcium imaging, that the dendrites of mouse starburst amacrine cells make highly specific synapses with direction-selective ganglion cells depending on the ganglION cell’s preferred direction.Abstract:
The proper connectivity between neurons is essential for the implementation of the algorithms used in neural computations, such as the detection of directed motion by the retina. The analysis of neuronal connectivity is possible with electron microscopy, but technological limitations have impeded the acquisition of high-resolution data on a large enough scale. Here we show, using serial block-face electron microscopy and two-photon calcium imaging, that the dendrites of mouse starburst amacrine cells make highly specific synapses with direction-selective ganglion cells depending on the ganglion cell's preferred direction. Our findings indicate that a structural (wiring) asymmetry contributes to the computation of direction selectivity. The nature of this asymmetry supports some models of direction selectivity and rules out others. It also puts constraints on the developmental mechanisms behind the formation of synaptic connections. Our study demonstrates how otherwise intractable neurobiological questions can be addressed by combining functional imaging with the analysis of neuronal connectivity using large-scale electron microscopy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Structural Connectivity Fingerprints Predict Cortical Selectivity for Multiple Visual Categories across Cortex
David E. Osher,Rebecca Saxe,Kami Koldewyn,John D. E. Gabrieli,Nancy Kanwisher,Zeynep M. Saygin +5 more
TL;DR: These results provide the strongest evidence to date for a precise and fine-grained relationship between connectivity and function in the human brain, raise the possibility that early-developing connectivity patterns may determine later functional organization, and offer a method for predicting fine- grained functional organization in populations who cannot be functionally scanned.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deconstructing complexity: serial block-face electron microscopic analysis of the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse.
Scott A. Wilke,Joseph K. Antonios,Eric A. Bushong,Ali Badkoobehi,Elmar Malek,Minju Hwang,Masako Terada,Mark H. Ellisman,Anirvan Ghosh +8 more
TL;DR: Serial block-face electron microscopy is used to investigate the establishment of MF connectivity during mouse postnatal development and finds that MF axons initially form bouton-like specializations directly onto dendritic shafts, and that a dramatic increase in presynaptic and postsynaptic complexity follows the association of MF boutons with CA3 dendrite protrusions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional labeling of neurons and their projections using the synthetic activity–dependent promoter E-SARE
Takashi Kawashima,Kazuo Kitamura,Kazuo Kitamura,Kanzo Suzuki,Mio Nonaka,Mio Nonaka,Satoshi Kamijo,Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura,Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura,Masanobu Kano,Hiroyuki Okuno,Kenichi Ohki,Haruhiko Bito +12 more
TL;DR: A synthetic promoter is engineered, the enhanced synaptic activity–responsive element (E-SARE), that drives neuronal activity–dependent gene expression more potently than other existing immediate-early gene promoters and can expand the repertoire of genetic approaches for high-resolution anatomical and functional analysis of neural circuits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Circuit dynamics of adaptive and maladaptive behaviour
TL;DR: Investigation of neural circuitry underlying adaptive and maladaptive behaviours has revealed that control of projection-specific dynamics is well suited to modulating behavioural patterns that are relevant to a broad range of psychiatric diseases.
Posted ContentDOI
A connectomic study of a petascale fragment of human cerebral cortex
Alex Shapson-Coe,Michał Januszewski,Daniel R. Berger,Art Pope,Yuelong Wu,Tim Blakely,Richard Schalek,Peter H. Li,Shuo Hong Wang,Jeremy Maitin-Shepard,Neha Karlupia,Sven Dorkenwald,Evelina Sjostedt,Laramie Leavitt,Dongil Lee,Dongil Lee,Luke Bailey,Angerica Fitzmaurice,Angerica Fitzmaurice,Rohin Kar,Rohin Kar,Benjamin Field,Benjamin Field,Hank Wu,Hank Wu,Julian Wagner-Carena,David Aley,Joanna Lau,Zudi Lin,Donglai Wei,Hanspeter Pfister,Adi Peleg,Adi Peleg,Viren Jain,Jeff W. Lichtman +34 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used computational methods to render the three-dimensional structure containing 57,216 cells, hundreds of millions of neurites and 133.7 million synaptic connections from the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Two-Photon Laser Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy
TL;DR: The fluorescence emission increased quadratically with the excitation intensity so that fluorescence and photo-bleaching were confined to the vicinity of the focal plane as expected for cooperative two-photon excitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: Significantly improved efficiency and reliability
Paul A. Yushkevich,Joseph Piven,Heather C. Hazlett,Rachel Gimpel Smith,Sean Ho,James C. Gee,Guido Gerig +6 more
TL;DR: The methods and software engineering philosophy behind this new tool, ITK-SNAP, are described and the results of validation experiments performed in the context of an ongoing child autism neuroimaging study are provided, finding that SNAP is a highly reliable and efficient alternative to manual tracing.
Journal ArticleDOI
The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
TL;DR: The structure and connectivity of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been deduced from reconstructions of electron micrographs of serial sections as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit's retina.
Horace Barlow,W. R. Levick +1 more
TL;DR: Experiments are described which show, first, that directional selectivity is not due to optical aberrations of some kind and, secondly, that it is not a simple matter of the latency of response varying systematically across the receptive field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serial block−face scanning electron microscopy to reconstruct three−dimensional tissue nanostructure
Winfried Denk,Heinz Horstmann +1 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that datasets meeting these requirements can be obtained by automated block-face imaging combined with serial sectioning inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope, opening the possibility of automatically obtaining the electron-microscope-level 3D datasets needed to completely reconstruct the connectivity of neuronal circuits.
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