Journal ArticleDOI
Wiring specificity in the direction-selectivity circuit of the retina
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TLDR
It is shown, using serial block-face electron microscopy and two-photon calcium imaging, that the dendrites of mouse starburst amacrine cells make highly specific synapses with direction-selective ganglion cells depending on the ganglION cell’s preferred direction.Abstract:
The proper connectivity between neurons is essential for the implementation of the algorithms used in neural computations, such as the detection of directed motion by the retina. The analysis of neuronal connectivity is possible with electron microscopy, but technological limitations have impeded the acquisition of high-resolution data on a large enough scale. Here we show, using serial block-face electron microscopy and two-photon calcium imaging, that the dendrites of mouse starburst amacrine cells make highly specific synapses with direction-selective ganglion cells depending on the ganglion cell's preferred direction. Our findings indicate that a structural (wiring) asymmetry contributes to the computation of direction selectivity. The nature of this asymmetry supports some models of direction selectivity and rules out others. It also puts constraints on the developmental mechanisms behind the formation of synaptic connections. Our study demonstrates how otherwise intractable neurobiological questions can be addressed by combining functional imaging with the analysis of neuronal connectivity using large-scale electron microscopy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cortical connectivity and sensory coding
TL;DR: Research is beginning to reveal how the connectivity of individual neurons relates to the sensory features they encode, how differences in the connectivity patterns of different cortical cell classes enable them to encode information using different strategies, and how feedback connections from higher-order cortex allow sensory information to be integrated with behavioural context.
Journal ArticleDOI
Whole-animal connectomes of both Caenorhabditis elegans sexes
Steven J. Cook,Travis A. Jarrell,Christopher A. Brittin,Yi Wang,Adam E. Bloniarz,Maksim A. Yakovlev,Ken C. Q. Nguyen,Leo T.H. Tang,Emily A. Bayer,Janet S. Duerr,Hannes E. Bülow,Oliver Hobert,Oliver Hobert,David H. Hall,Scott W. Emmons +14 more
TL;DR: Quantitative connectivity matrices (or connectomes) for both adult sexes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are presented that encompass all connections from sensory input to end-organ output across the entire animal.
Journal ArticleDOI
From the connectome to brain function
Cornelia I. Bargmann,Eve Marder +1 more
TL;DR: This Historical Perspective asks what information is needed beyond connectivity diagrams to understand the function of nervous systems, and highlights the importance of neuronal dynamics and neuromodulation, and the existence of parallel circuits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Space–time wiring specificity supports direction selectivity in the retina
J. S. Kim,Matthew J. Greene,Aleksandar Zlateski,Kisuk Lee,Mark A. Richardson,Srinivas C. Turaga,Michael J. Purcaro,Matthew Balkam,Amy Robinson,Bardia Fallah Behabadi,Michael Campos,Winfried Denk,H. Sebastian Seung,EyeWirers +13 more
TL;DR: A mathematical model shows how such ‘space–time wiring specificity’ could endow SAC dendrites with receptive fields that are oriented in space–time and therefore respond selectively to stimuli that move in the outward direction from the soma.
Journal ArticleDOI
A multilevel multimodal circuit enhances action selection in Drosophila
Tomoko Ohyama,Casey M Schneider-Mizell,Richard D. Fetter,Javier Valdes Aleman,Romain Franconville,Marta Rivera-Alba,Brett D. Mensh,Kristin Branson,Julie H. Simpson,James W Truman,Albert Cardona,Marta Zlatic +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that combining mechanosensory and nociceptive cues synergistically enhances the selection of the fastest mode of escape locomotion in Drosophila larvae, and proposed that the multilevel multimodal convergence architecture may be a general feature of multisensory circuits enabling complex input–output functions and selective tuning to ecologically relevant combinations of cues.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Two-Photon Laser Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy
TL;DR: The fluorescence emission increased quadratically with the excitation intensity so that fluorescence and photo-bleaching were confined to the vicinity of the focal plane as expected for cooperative two-photon excitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: Significantly improved efficiency and reliability
Paul A. Yushkevich,Joseph Piven,Heather C. Hazlett,Rachel Gimpel Smith,Sean Ho,James C. Gee,Guido Gerig +6 more
TL;DR: The methods and software engineering philosophy behind this new tool, ITK-SNAP, are described and the results of validation experiments performed in the context of an ongoing child autism neuroimaging study are provided, finding that SNAP is a highly reliable and efficient alternative to manual tracing.
Journal ArticleDOI
The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
TL;DR: The structure and connectivity of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been deduced from reconstructions of electron micrographs of serial sections as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit's retina.
Horace Barlow,W. R. Levick +1 more
TL;DR: Experiments are described which show, first, that directional selectivity is not due to optical aberrations of some kind and, secondly, that it is not a simple matter of the latency of response varying systematically across the receptive field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serial block−face scanning electron microscopy to reconstruct three−dimensional tissue nanostructure
Winfried Denk,Heinz Horstmann +1 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that datasets meeting these requirements can be obtained by automated block-face imaging combined with serial sectioning inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope, opening the possibility of automatically obtaining the electron-microscope-level 3D datasets needed to completely reconstruct the connectivity of neuronal circuits.
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