Bruce W. Birren

TL;DR: The AZFa region of the Y chromosome was sequenced and two functional genes previously described were identified: USP9Y (also known as DFFRY) and DBY (refs 7,8).

TL;DR: Naturally occurring dominant STAT‐C resistance mutations are common in treatment‐naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1, and their influence on treatment outcome should be characterized to evaluate possible benefits of drug resistance testing for individual tailoring of drug combinations when treatment options are limited due to previous nonresponse to peginterferon and ribavirin.

TL;DR: The epidemic hospital-adapted lineage is rapidly evolving and emerged approximately 75 years ago, concomitant with the introduction of antibiotics, from a population that included the majority of animal strains, and not from human commensal lines.

TL;DR: The order and genomic arrangement of the duplicated gene pairs and their common phylogenetic origin provide evidence for an ancestral whole-genome duplication (WGD) event that resulted in the expansion of multiple gene families related to cell growth and signal transduction, as well as secreted aspartic protease and subtilase protein families, which are known fungal virulence factors.

TL;DR: It is suggested that among children 5 to 17 months of age, the RTS,S vaccine has greater activity against malaria parasites with the matched circumsporozoite protein allele than against mismatched malaria.