Bar-Ilan University

About: Bar-Ilan University is a education organization based out in Ramat Gan, Israel. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 12835 authors who have published 34964 publications receiving 995648 citations. The organization is also known as: Bar Ilan University & BIU.

Infant-mother and infant-father synchrony: The coregulation of positive arousal.

Abstract: To examine the coregulation of positive affect during mother-infant and father-infant in- teractions, 100 couples and their first-born child were videotaped in face-to-face interactions. Parents' and infant's affective states were coded in one-second frames, and synchrony was measured with time- series analysis. The orientation, intensity, and temporal pattern of infant positive arousal were assessed. Synchrony between same-gender parent-infant dyads was more optimal in terms of stronger lagged associations between parent and infant affect, more frequent mutual synchrony, and shorter lags to re- sponsiveness. Infants' arousal duringmother-infant interaction cycled between medium and low levels, and high positive affect appeared gradually and was embedded within a social episode. During father- child play, positive arousal was high, sudden, and organized in multiple peaks that appeared more fre- quently as play progressed. Mother-infant synchrony was linked to the partners' social orientation and was inversely related to maternal depression and infant negative emotionality. Father-child synchrony was related to the intensity of positive arousal and to father attachment security. Results contribute to research on the regulation of positive emotions and describe the unique modes of affective sharing that infants coconstruct with mother and father. RESUMEN: Para examinar la co-regulacion del afecto positivo durante las interacciones entre la madre y su hijo y el padre y su hijo, cien parejas y sus hijos primerizos fueron grabadas en video en sesiones de interacciones cara a cara. Los estados afectivos de los padres y de los infantes fueron codificados en marcos de un segundo, y la sincronia se midiopor medio de un analisis de tiempo en serie. Se evaluaron la orientacion, la intensidad, y el patron temporal del despertar positivo del infante. La sincronia entre las diadas del mismo sexo (madre-hija o padre-hijo) fue mas optima en terminos de mas fuertes asocia- ciones espaciadas del afecto entre padre/madre e infante, la mas frecuente mutua sincronia, y mas cortos espacios de sensibilidad.. El despertar de los ninos durante la interaccion entre la madre y su infante osciloentre los niveles medio y bajo, y el afecto positivo alto apareciogradualmente y se encontraba metido dentro de una situacion social. Durante el juego entre el padre y su infante, el despertar positivo fue alto, rapido y organizado en multiples puntos maximos que aparecieron con mayor frecuencia a medida que el juego progresaba. La sincronia entre la madre y su infante fue asociada con la orientacion social de los participantes y fue inversamente relacionada con la depresion maternal y la negativa emo- cionalidad del infante. La sincronia entre el padre y su infante fue relacionada con la intensidad del despertar positivo y con la seguridad de la afectividad paterna. Los resultados contribuyen a la investi- gacion sobre la regulacion de las emociones positivas y describen los modelos unicos de la afectividad compartida que los infantes co-construyen con la madre y el padre.

Appraisal of and Coping with a Real-Life Stressful Situation: The Contribution of Attachment Styles

Abstract: The current study assesses the impact of attachment style on the ways young adults react to the stress of 4-month combat training. Ninety-two Israeli recruits completed an attachment scale at the beginning of the training. Their appraisal of the training their ways of coping with it, and peer evaluations of their leadership ability were assessed 4 months later. Compared with secure persons, ambivalent persons reported more emotion-focused coping, appraised the training in more threatening terms, appraised themselves as less capable of coping with the training, and were evaluated by their peers as less fitting for military leadership. Avoidant persons reported more distancing coping and less support seeking and appraised the training in more threatening terms. They did not differ from secure persons in the appraisal of their ability to cope with the training or in the nominations they received for leadership positions. Results are discussed in the framework of attachment theory.

Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect regulation.

Abstract: The relation between attachment styles and fear of personal death was assessed. We classified a sample of Israeli undergraduate students into secure, ambivalent, and avoidant attachment groups and assessed the extent of, and the meaning attached to, overt fear of personal death as well as the extent of fear at a low level of awareness. Ambivalent subjects exhibited stronger overt fear of death than did secure and avoidant subjects, and both ambivalent and avoidant subjects showed stronger fear of death at a low level of awareness than secure subjects. Ambivalent subjects were also more likely to fear the loss of their social identity in death, and avoidant subjects were more likely to fear the unknown nature of their death. Results are discussed in terms of the effects of attachment styles on affect regulation. According to Bowiby's (1973) attachment theory, "when an individual is confident that an attachment figure will be available to him whenever he desires it, that person will be much less prone to either intense or chronic fear than will an individual who for any reason has no such confidence" (p. 202). Whereas most attachment research has focused on the fear of separation from a loved person, no attention has been paid to the fear of the ultimate separation: personal death. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between attachment styles and fear of personal death.

Regulation of cell apoptosis by protein kinase c δ

Abstract: The isoforms of the PKC family are activated in response to mitogenic stimuli, to inflammatory stimuli, and to stress and play important roles in a variety of cellular functions including apoptosis. PKCδ a member of the novel PKC subfamily, is actively involved in cell apoptosis in a stimulus and tissue specific manner; it both regulates the expression and function of apoptotic related proteins and is itself a target for caspases. Activation of PKCδ by various apoptotic stimuli results in the translocation of PKCδ to distinct cellular compartments such as mitochondria, golgi and nucleus, and the differential translocation contributes to its different effects. In addition, phosphorylation of PKCδ on distinct tyrosine residues and its association with specific apoptotic related proteins such as c-Abl, DNA-PK, p73 and lamin B are pivotal to its function in cell apoptosis. Recent findings on these aspects of the PKCδ cascades are the major focus of this review.

Coral and mollusc resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by warming

Abstract: Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are expected to decrease surface ocean pH by 0.3‐0.5 units by 2100 (refs 1,2), lowering the carbonate ion concentration of surface waters. This rapid acidification is predicted to dramatically decrease calcification in many marine organisms 3,4 . Reduced skeletal growth under increased CO2 levels has already been shown for corals, molluscs and many other marine organisms 4‐9 . The impact of acidification on the ability of individual species to calcify has remained elusive, however, as measuring net calcification fails to disentangle the relative contributions of gross calcification and dissolution rates on growth. Here, we show that corals and molluscs transplanted along gradients of carbonate saturation state at Mediterranean CO2 vents are able to calcify and grow at even faster than normal rates when exposed to the high CO2 levels projected for the next 300 years. Calcifiers remain at risk, however, owing to the dissolution of exposed shells and skeletons that occurs as pH levels fall. Our results show that tissues and external organic layers play a major role in protecting shells and skeletons from corrosive sea water, limiting dissolution and allowing organisms to calcify 10,11 . Our combined field and