Copenhagen Business School

About: Copenhagen Business School is a education organization based out in Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, Denmark. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Corporate governance & Context (language use). The organization has 2194 authors who have published 9649 publications receiving 341898 citations.

Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of international specialization

Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of Balassa's 'revealed comparative advantage' (RCA). It shows that when using RCA, it should be adjusted such that it becomes symmetric around its neutral value. The proposed adjusted index is called 'revealed symmetric comparative advantage' (RSCA). The theoretical discussion focuses on the properties of RSCA and empirical evidence, based on the Jarque- Bera test for normality of the regression error terms, using both the RCA and RSCA indices. We compare RSCA to other measures of international trade specialization including the Michaely index, the Contribution to Trade Balance, Chi Square, and Bowen's Net Trade Index. The result of the analysis is that RSCA—on balance—is the best measure of comparative advantage.

Mean–variance portfolio optimization with state‐dependent risk aversion

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to study the mean–variance portfolio optimization in continuous time. Since this problem is time inconsistent we attack it by placing the problem within a game theoretic framework and look for subgame perfect Nash equilibrium strategies. This particular problem has already been studied in [2] where the authors assumed a constant risk aversion parameter. This assumption leads to an equilibrium control where the dollar amount invested in the risky asset is independent of current wealth, and we argue that this result is unrealistic from an economic point of view. In order to have a more realistic model we instead study the case when the risk aversion depends dynamically on current wealth. This is a substantially more complicated problem than the one with constant risk aversion but, using the general theory of time inconsistent control developed in [4], we provide a fairly detailed analysis on the general case. In particular, when the risk aversion is inversely proportional to wealth, we provide an analytical solution where the equilibrium dollar amount invested in the risky asset is proportional to current wealth. The equilibrium for this model thus appears more reasonable than the one for the model with constant risk aversion.

Myopia, knowledge development and cluster evolution

Abstract: This article aims to show how processes of knowledge development and their institutional underpinnings make up the core of evolutionary economic geography. We argue that micro level concepts—notably innovation, selection and retention—provide insights that can be helpful also when investigating evolutionary processes of knowledge creation at the aggregate levels of cities, regions or nations. We investigate the linkage between drivers, mechanisms and barriers to knowledge creation and acquisition at the micro-level, and the development over time and across spatial settings of higher-order phenomena of localized institutions and other capabilities. We apply this distinction on the analysis of the rise, growth, decline and possible rejuvenation of spatial clusters of similar and complementary economic activity.

Handbook of entrepreneurial dynamics : the process of business creation

Abstract: This handbook reports on the creation andresults of the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) that wasconducted by the Entrepreneurship Research Consortium (ERC), founded in 1995.The PSED was created to develop a representative portrait of entrepreneurialactivity in the United States.A panel of nascent entrepreneurs wascreated, along with a control group of non-entrepreneurs. Individuals in theprocess of creating new businesses could be studied to generate systematic,reliable, and generalizable data on business creation. The handbook reports on the creation of the ERC, provides detailedinformation about the rationale used in developing the questionnaires for thePSED, and summarizes the theoretical perspectives operationalized, andvariables used, in the PSED. The PSED model has three "transitionpoints": (1) the "conception," (2) the startup process, and (3)"outcomes" of the new firm. These points generate various researchquestions: "What are the tendencies and features of those who startbusinesses?" "How do nascent entrepreneurs go about forming abusiness?" "Why are some successful?" and "Why are some firmslikely to succeed, persist, or die?" The research design had two majorparts: (1) identifying and interviewing nascent entrepreneurs and a controlgroup, and (2) the content of the interviews. Each of the 38 chapters in the handbook was written by a scholar in the ERCwho reports on a key theoretical perspective and variables associated with thattheory. The results showed the great diversity and variety in the process ofbusiness creation. Chapters in Part I, "Demographic Characteristics of theEntrepreneur," discuss the theory, measures, and evidence about thedemographic characteristics of both nascent entrepreneurs and the comparisongroup. Aspects discussed include age and other demographics, income and networth, work and education background, and family background. Part II, "Cognitive Characteristics of the Entrepreneur," surveysthe cognitive characteristics that might determine whether nascententrepreneurs think differently than the comparison group and how types ofnascent entrepreneurs might be distinguished. Topics surveyed include careerreasons, job and life satisfaction, entrepreneurial expectations, innovationand problem-solving style, and social skills. Chapters in Part III, "The Start-up Process," explore the process ofbusiness formation. They describe the kinds and types of businesses, steps andphases of the process, social networks, funding, and business expectations. Part IV, "The Entrepreneurial Environment," explores the context ofthe startup effort and the strategic and technology orientations of theemerging new firms. Three appendixes explain the PSED data collection process, datadocumentation and preparation, use of weights, and how analysis of the datasets can be conducted. (TNM)