Institution
École Normale Supérieure
Other•Paris, Île-de-France, France•
About: École Normale Supérieure is a other organization based out in Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 68439 authors who have published 99414 publications receiving 3092008 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that host-encoded mechanisms control three alternative entry processes operating in the epidermis, the root cortex and at the single cell level, which provides support for the origin of rhizobial infection through direct intercellular epidermal invasion and subsequent evolution of crack entry and root hair invasions observed in most extant legumes.
Abstract: Bacterial infection of interior tissues of legume root nodules is controlled at the epidermal cell layer and is closely coordinated with progressing organ development. Using spontaneous nodulating Lotus japonicus plant mutants to uncouple nodule organogenesis from infection, we have determined the role of 16 genes in these two developmental processes. We show that host-encoded mechanisms control three alternative entry processes operating in the epidermis, the root cortex and at the single cell level. Single cell infection did not involve the formation of trans-cellular infection threads and was independent of host Nod-factor receptors and bacterial Nod-factor signals. In contrast, Nod-factor perception was required for epidermal root hair infection threads, whereas primary signal transduction genes preceding the secondary Ca2+ oscillations have an indirect role. We provide support for the origin of rhizobial infection through direct intercellular epidermal invasion and subsequent evolution of crack entry and root hair invasions observed in most extant legumes.
456 citations
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TL;DR: Performance results of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio interface based on the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) parameters are shown.
Abstract: We present a multiuser synchronization scheme for tracking the mobile's uplink time and frequency offsets. It uses the redundancy introduced by the cyclic prefix and does not need additional pilots. We show performance results of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio interface based on the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) parameters. For a UMTS-typical mobile channel environment, the performance of a coherent system employing the scheme is virtually indistinguishable from the performance of a perfectly synchronized system. In a differentially modulated system, synchronization errors decrease the system performance by about 0.7 dB compared to a perfectly synchronized system.
455 citations
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Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research1, University of Bern2, University of Adelaide3, University of Reading4, California Institute of Technology5, Columbia University6, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory7, VU University Amsterdam8, University of California, Irvine9, École des ponts ParisTech10, École Normale Supérieure11, Leipzig University12, Max Planck Society13, University of Graz14, University of Lisbon15, University of New South Wales16, Vrije Universiteit Brussel17, University of Geneva18
TL;DR: A typology of compound events is proposed, distinguishing events that are preconditioned, multivariate, temporally compounding and spatially compounding, and suggests analytical and modelling approaches to aid in their investigation.
Abstract: Compound weather and climate events describe combinations of multiple climate drivers and/or hazards that contribute to societal or environmental risk. Although many climate-related disasters are caused by compound events, the understanding, analysis, quantification and prediction of such events is still in its infancy. In this Review, we propose a typology of compound events and suggest analytical and modelling approaches to aid in their investigation. We organize the highly diverse compound event types according to four themes: preconditioned, where a weather-driven or climate-driven precondition aggravates the impacts of a hazard; multivariate, where multiple drivers and/or hazards lead to an impact; temporally compounding, where a succession of hazards leads to an impact; and spatially compounding, where hazards in multiple connected locations cause an aggregated impact. Through structuring compound events and their respective analysis tools, the typology offers an opportunity for deeper insight into their mechanisms and impacts, benefiting the development of effective adaptation strategies. However, the complex nature of compound events results in some cases inevitably fitting into more than one class, necessitating soft boundaries within the typology. Future work must homogenize the available analytical approaches into a robust toolset for compound-event analysis under present and future climate conditions. Research on compound events has increased vastly in the last several years, yet, a typology was absent. This Review proposes a comprehensive classification scheme, incorporating compound events that are preconditioned, multivariate, temporally compounding and spatially compounding events.
455 citations
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TL;DR: The meta-ecosystem concept as mentioned in this paper is defined as a set of ecosystems connected by spatial flows of energy, materials and organisms across ecosystem boundaries, which is a natural extension of the metapopulation and metacommunity concepts.
Abstract: This contribution proposes the meta-ecosystem concept as a natural extension of the metapopulation and metacommunity concepts. A meta-ecosystem is defined as a set of ecosystems connected by spatial flows of energy, materials and organisms across ecosystem boundaries. This concept provides a powerful theoretical tool to understand the emergent properties that arise from spatial coupling of local ecosystems, such as global source–sink constraints, diversity–productivity patterns, stabilization of ecosystem processes and indirect interactions at landscape or regional scales. The meta-ecosystem perspective thereby has the potential to integrate the perspectives of community and landscape ecology, to provide novel fundamental insights into the dynamics and functioning of ecosystems from local to global scales, and to increase our ability to predict the consequences of land-use changes on biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services to human societies.
454 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that well below the transition temperature T(c) the equilibrium state is a true condensate, whereas at intermediate temperatures T
Abstract: We discuss Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in quasi-2D trapped gases and find that well below the transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ the equilibrium state is a true condensate, whereas at intermediate temperatures $Tl{T}_{c}$ one has a quasicondensate (condensate with fluctuating phase). The mean-field interaction in a quasi-2D gas is sensitive to the frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ of the (tight) confinement in the ``frozen'' direction, and one can switch the sign of the interaction by changing ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$. Variation of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ can also reduce the rates of inelastic processes. This offers promising prospects for tunable BEC in trapped quasi-2D gases.
453 citations
Authors
Showing all 68584 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
Simon Baron-Cohen | 172 | 773 | 118071 |
Andrew Zisserman | 167 | 808 | 261717 |
Edward T. Bullmore | 165 | 746 | 112463 |
H. Eugene Stanley | 154 | 1190 | 122321 |
Pierre Bourdieu | 153 | 592 | 194586 |
Gerald M. Rubin | 152 | 382 | 115248 |
Stanislas Dehaene | 149 | 456 | 86539 |
Melody A. Swartz | 148 | 1304 | 103753 |
J. Fraser Stoddart | 147 | 1239 | 96083 |
Jean-François Cardoso | 145 | 373 | 115144 |
Richard S. J. Frackowiak | 142 | 309 | 100726 |
Cordelia Schmid | 135 | 464 | 103925 |
Jean Tirole | 134 | 439 | 103279 |
Ion Stoica | 133 | 493 | 94937 |