Institution
École Normale Supérieure
Other•Paris, Île-de-France, France•
About: École Normale Supérieure is a other organization based out in Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 68439 authors who have published 99414 publications receiving 3092008 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: An alternative approach using a wave-function treatment to describe the atomic system and it is shown that this treatment is equivalent to the standard density matrix approach leading to the OBE's.
Abstract: A novel treatment of dissipation of energy from a ``small'' quantum system to a reservoir is presented. We replace the usual master equation for the small-system density matrix by a wave-function evolution including a stochastic element. This wave-function approach provides new insight and it allows calculations on problems which would otherwise be exceedingly complicated. The approach is applied here to a two- or three-level atom coupled to a laser field and to the vacuum modes of the quantized electromagnetic field.
1,532 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, the physical principles at the basis of this artificial magnetism are presented, and the analysis is generalized to the simulation of non-Abelian gauge potentials and some striking consequences are presented.
Abstract: When a neutral atom moves in a properly designed laser field, its center-of-mass motion may mimic the dynamics of a charged particle in a magnetic field, with the emergence of a Lorentz-like force. In this Colloquium the physical principles at the basis of this artificial (synthetic) magnetism are presented. The corresponding Aharonov-Bohm phase is related to the Berry's phase that emerges when the atom adiabatically follows one of the dressed states of the atom-laser interaction. Some manifestations of artificial magnetism for a cold quantum gas, in particular, in terms of vortex nucleation are discussed. The analysis is then generalized to the simulation of non-Abelian gauge potentials and some striking consequences are presented, such as the emergence of an effective spin-orbit coupling. Both the cases of bulk gases and discrete systems, where atoms are trapped in an optical lattice, are addressed.
1,531 citations
•
[...]
TL;DR: For a given integer k, and any real /spl epsiv/>0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of size k(1 + /spl Epsiv/) is sufficient to recover the original k symbols, with high probability as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: This paper exhibits a class of universal Raptor codes: for a given integer k, and any real /spl epsiv/>0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of size k(1 + /spl epsiv/) is sufficient to recover the original k symbols, with high probability. Each output symbol is generated using O(log(1//spl epsiv/)) operations, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones with O(klog(1//spl epsiv/)) operations.
1,522 citations
••
École Normale Supérieure1, J. Craig Venter Institute2, Joint Genome Institute3, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research4, University of Konstanz5, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee6, University of Melbourne7, University of Washington8, University of Nantes9, University of Wisconsin-Madison10, Ghent University11, University of Rhode Island12, Sewanee: The University of the South13, University of Arizona14, Hebrew University of Jerusalem15, Georgia Institute of Technology16, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology17, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn18, University of British Columbia19, Stanford University20, Scottish Association for Marine Science21, University of North Carolina at Wilmington22
TL;DR: Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms, and documents the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria, likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals.
Abstract: Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one- fifth of the primary productivity on Earth(1,2). The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology(3-5). Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (similar to 40%) are not shared by these representatives of the two lineages. Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms. Contributing factors include selective gene family expansions, differential losses and gains of genes and introns, and differential mobilization of transposable elements. Most significantly, we document the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria. More than 300 of these gene transfers are found in both diatoms, attesting to their ancient origins, and many are likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals. These findings go a long way towards explaining the incredible diversity and success of the diatoms in contemporary oceans.
1,500 citations
••
TL;DR: An integrative framework in which commitment is presented as one of several energizing forces for motivated behavior, and a new concept, goal regulation, is derived from self-determination theory and regulatory focus theory is presented.
Abstract: Theorists and researchers interested in employee commitment and motivation have not made optimal use of each other's work. Commitment researchers seldom address the motivational processes through which commitment affects behavior, and motivation researchers have not recognized important distinctions in the forms, foci, and bases of commitment. To encourage greater cross-fertilization, the authors present an integrative framework in which commitment is presented as one of several energizing forces for motivated behavior. E. A. Locke's (1997) model of the work motivation process and J. P. Meyer and L. Herscovitch's (2001) model of workplace commitments serve as the foundation for the development of this new framework. To facilitate the merger, a new concept, goal regulation, is derived from self-determination theory (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985) and regulatory focus theory (E. I. Higgins, 1997). By including goal regulation, it is acknowledged that motivated behavior can be accompanied by different mindsets that have particularly important implications for the explanation and prediction of discretionary work behavior.
1,491 citations
Authors
Showing all 68584 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
Simon Baron-Cohen | 172 | 773 | 118071 |
Andrew Zisserman | 167 | 808 | 261717 |
Edward T. Bullmore | 165 | 746 | 112463 |
H. Eugene Stanley | 154 | 1190 | 122321 |
Pierre Bourdieu | 153 | 592 | 194586 |
Gerald M. Rubin | 152 | 382 | 115248 |
Stanislas Dehaene | 149 | 456 | 86539 |
Melody A. Swartz | 148 | 1304 | 103753 |
J. Fraser Stoddart | 147 | 1239 | 96083 |
Jean-François Cardoso | 145 | 373 | 115144 |
Richard S. J. Frackowiak | 142 | 309 | 100726 |
Cordelia Schmid | 135 | 464 | 103925 |
Jean Tirole | 134 | 439 | 103279 |
Ion Stoica | 133 | 493 | 94937 |