Institution
Edith Cowan University
Education•Perth, Western Australia, Australia•
About: Edith Cowan University is a education organization based out in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 4040 authors who have published 13529 publications receiving 339582 citations. The organization is also known as: Edith Cowan & ECU.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The substantial increase in survival across the study period means that the life expectancy of people with Down's syndrome is approaching that of the general population, but accompanied by a range of significant mid‐life health problems.
Abstract: Cohort studies have indicated that the survival of individuals with Down's syndrome has dramatically increased over the past 50 years. Early childhood survival in particular has shown major improvement, due largely to advances in cardiac surgery and in general health management. The present study was based on a continuous cohort of 1332 people with Down's syndrome in Western Australia, registered for intellectual disability services between 1953 and 2000. Their life expectancy was 58.6 years, 25% lived to 62.9 years, and the oldest living person is 73 years of age. Life expectancy for males was greater than females by 3.3 years. The substantial increase in survival across the study period means that the life expectancy of people with Down's syndrome is approaching that of the general population, but accompanied by a range of significant mid-life health problems. The findings are of relevance to all developed countries and have considerable implications in terms of the counselling information provided to families at risk of having a child with Down's syndrome.
389 citations
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TL;DR: The ability of strength training to render similar short-term improvements in athletic performance as ballistic power training, coupled with the potential long-term benefits of improved maximal strength, makes strength training a more effective training modality for relatively weak individuals.
Abstract: Purpose: To determine whether the magnitude of improvement in athletic performance and the mechanisms driving these adaptations differ in relatively weak individuals exposed to either ballistic power training or heavy strength training.
Methods: Relatively weak men (n = 24) who could perform the back squat with proficient technique were randomized into three groups: strength training (n = 8; ST), power training (n = 8; PT), or control (n = 8). Training involved three sessions per week for 10 wk in which subjects performed back squats with 75%-90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM; ST) or maximal-effort jump squats with 0%-30% 1RM (PT). Jump and sprint performances were assessed as well as measures of the force-velocity relationship, jumping mechanics, muscle architecture, and neural drive.
Results: Both experimental groups showed significant (P <= 0.05) improvements in jump and sprint performances after training with no significant between-group differences evident in either jump (peak power: ST = 17.7% +/- 9.3%, PT = 17.6% +/- 4.5%) or sprint performance (40-m sprint: ST = 2.2% +/- 1.9%, PT = 3.6% +/- 2.3%). ST also displayed a significant increase in maximal strength that was significantly greater than the PT group (squat 1RM: ST = 31.2% +/- 11.3%, PT = 4.5% +/- 7.1%). The mechanisms driving these improvements included significant (P <= 0.05) changes in the force-velocity relationship, jump mechanics, muscle architecture, and neural activation that showed a degree of specificity to the different training stimuli.
Conclusions: Improvements in athletic performance were similar in relatively weak individuals exposed to either ballistic power training or heavy strength training for 10 wk. These performance improvements were mediated through neuromuscular adaptations specific to the training stimulus. The ability of strength training to render similar short-term improvements in athletic performance as ballistic power training, coupled with the potential long-term benefits of improved maximal strength, makes strength training a more effective training modality for relatively weak individuals
382 citations
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TL;DR: A review of the more conventional linear models of fatigue addresses specifically how these may influence the development of fatigue during cycling and shows how these might be integrated into a more recently proposed nonlinear complex systems model of exercise-induced fatigue.
Abstract: Much of the previous research into understanding fatigue during prolonged cycling has found that cycling performance may be limited by numerous physiological, biomechanical, environmental, mechanical and psychological factors. From over 2000 manuscripts addressing the topic of fatigue, a number of diverse cause-and-effect models have been developed. These include the following models: (i) cardiovascular/anaerobic; (ii) energy supply/energy depletion; (iii) neuromuscular fatigue; (iv) muscle trauma; (v) biomechanical; (vi) thermoregulatory; (vii) psychological/motivational; and (viii) central governor. More recently, however, a complex systems model of fatigue has been proposed, whereby these aforementioned linear models provide afferent feedback that is integrated by a central governor into our unconscious perception of fatigue. This review outlines the more conventional linear models of fatigue and addresses specifically how these may influence the development of fatigue during cycling. The review concludes by showing how these linear models of fatigue might be integrated into a more recently proposed nonlinear complex systems model of exercise-induced fatigue.
381 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a series of reviews focused on the most important neuromuscular function in many sport performances, the ability to generate maximal muscular power is defined and limited by the force-velocity relationship and affected by the length-tension relationship.
Abstract: This series of reviews focuses on the most important neuromuscular function in many sport performances, the ability to generate maximal muscular power. Part 1 focuses on the factors that affect maximal power production, while part 2, which will follow in a forthcoming edition of Sports Medicine, explores the practical application of these findings by reviewing the scientific literature relevant to the development of training programmes that most effectively enhance maximal power production. The ability of the neuromuscular system to generate maximal power is affected by a range of interrelated factors. Maximal muscular power is defined and limited by the force-velocity relationship and affected by the length-tension relationship. The ability to generate maximal power is influenced by the type of muscle action involved and, in particular, the time available to develop force, storage and utilization of elastic energy, interactions of contractile and elastic elements, potentiation of contractile and elastic filaments as well as stretch reflexes. Furthermore, maximal power production is influenced by morphological factors including fibre type contribution to whole muscle area, muscle architectural features and tendon properties as well as neural factors including motor unit recruitment, firing frequency, synchronization and intermuscular coordination. In addition, acute changes in the muscle environment (i.e. alterations resulting from fatigue, changes in hormone milieu and muscle temperature) impact the ability to generate maximal power. Resistance training has been shown to impact each of these neuromuscular factors in quite specific ways. Therefore, an understanding of the biological basis of maximal power production is essential for developing training programmes that effectively enhance maximal power production in the human.
380 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of carbonaceous materials from a metal organic framework (MIL-100), organic linker and N-precursor was comprehensively investigated, and the structures of the products were characterized.
Abstract: The synthesis of carbonaceous materials from a metal organic framework (MIL-100), organic linker and N-precursor was comprehensively investigated, and the structures of the products were characterized. It was found that simple pyrolysis of mixed MIL-100 (Fe)/dicyandiamide (DCDA) could produce nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene). The N-graphene showed excellent performances in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, which were superior to those of counterparts of graphene, iron(II, III) oxide, manganese(IV) oxide and cobalt(II, III) oxide. With PMS activation, N-graphene exhibited efficient catalytic degradation of various organic pollutants such as phenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and radical quenching tests were employed to investigate the PMS activation and organic degradation processes. It was found that singlet oxygen (1O2) was mainly produced during the activation of PMS by N-graphene, and contributed to the catalytic oxidation instead of sulfate and/or hydroxyl radicals. These findings provide new insights into PMS activation by metal-free carbon catalysis.
378 citations
Authors
Showing all 4128 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Paul Jackson | 141 | 1372 | 93464 |
William J. Kraemer | 123 | 755 | 54774 |
D. Allan Butterfield | 115 | 504 | 43528 |
Kerry S. Courneya | 112 | 608 | 49504 |
Robert U. Newton | 109 | 753 | 42527 |
Roger A. Barker | 101 | 620 | 39728 |
Ralph N. Martins | 95 | 630 | 35394 |
Wei Wang | 95 | 3544 | 59660 |
David W. Dunstan | 91 | 403 | 37901 |
Peter E.D. Love | 90 | 546 | 24815 |
Andrew Jones | 83 | 695 | 28290 |
Hongqi Sun | 81 | 265 | 20354 |
Leon Flicker | 79 | 465 | 22669 |
Mark A. Jenkins | 79 | 472 | 21100 |
Josep M. Gasol | 77 | 313 | 22638 |