Rio de Janeiro State University

About: Rio de Janeiro State University is a education organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 16631 authors who have published 30919 publications receiving 465753 citations. The organization is also known as: UERJ & Rio de Janeiro State University.

Food intake in overweight and normal-weight adolescents in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract: Comparam-se, neste estudo, as caracteristicas do consumo alimentar de uma amostra probabilistica de adolescentes com sobrepeso e adolescentes com peso normal, com idades entre 12 e 17,9 anos. Os dados analisados foram obtidos em pesquisa realizada no Municipio do Rio de Janeiro, em 1995-1996. Estimou-se o consumo alimentar atraves de um questionario de frequencia do consumo de alimentos semiquantitativo. Avaliou-se o estado nutricional atraves do indice de massa corporal (IMC = peso/altura²), classificando-se os adolescentes com e sem sobrepeso pelo percentil 90 da distribuicao do IMC de criancas brasileiras de 1989. O consumo de individuos com e sem sobrepeso foi semelhante, em ambos os grupos observou-se consumo inferior ao minimo das porcoes recomendadas dos grupos alimentares e consumo elevado de alimentos de alta densidade energetica. Esses habitos alimentares propiciam o desenvolvimento de excesso de peso e podem ser determinantes de obesidade e doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis na maturidade.

Image analysis and quantitative morphology.

Abstract: Quantitative studies are increasingly found in the literature, particularly in the fields of development/evolution, pathology, and neurosciences. Image digitalization converts tissue images into a numeric form by dividing them into very small regions termed picture elements or pixels. Image analysis allows automatic morphometry of digitalized images, and stereology aims to understand the structural inner three-dimensional arrangement based on the analysis of slices showing two-dimensional information. To quantify morphological structures in an unbiased and reproducible manner, appropriate isotropic and uniform random sampling of sections, and updated stereological tools are needed. Through the correct use of stereology, a quantitative study can be performed with little effort; efficiency in stereology means as little counting as possible (little work), low cost (section preparation), but still good accuracy. This short text provides a background guide for non-expert morphologists.

Implication of abnormal epigenetic patterns for human diseases

Abstract: Significant evidences have brought new insights on the mechanisms by which epigenetic machinery proteins regulate gene expression, leading to a redefinition of chromatin regulation in terms of modification of core histones, DNA methylation, RNA-mediated silencing pathways, action of methylation-dependent sensitive insulators and Polycomb/Trithorax group proteins. Consistent with these fundamental aspects, an increasing number of human pathologies have been found to be associated with aberrant epigenetics regulation, including cancer, mental retardation, neurodegenerative symptoms, imprinting disorders, syndromes involving chromosomal instabilities and a great number of human life-threatening diseases. The possibility of reversing epigenetic marks, in contrast to genetic code, may provide new pharmacological targets for emerging therapeutic intervention.