Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations

About: Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations is a government organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Combustion & Liquid crystal. The organization has 218 authors who have published 172 publications receiving 453 citations. The organization is also known as: Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.

The influence of sample preprocessing on in situ identification of 5-methylcytosine in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei

Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of DNA methylation in situ at the level of cells, chromosomes, and the chromosomal domain is extremely important in diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies, as well in studies of aging and the effects of environmental factors. Yet, the questions remain unresolved of whether the detectable in situ methylation patterns correspond to the actual DNA methylation per se and/or reflect the accessibility of DNA to antibodies, which depends on the structural features of chromatin and chromosome condensation. Thus, this phenomenon can result in an incorrect determination of the real DNA methylation pattern. In order to eliminate this disadvantage to the extent possible, we modified the commonly used methodology of in situ detection methylcytosine by means of monoclonal antibodies. In this study, we show that the efficiency of immunofluorescent labeling for 5-methylcytosin in centromeric heterochromatin, chromosome arms and sister chromatids is significantly affected by the conditions of pretreatment of chromosome preparations. We used undifferentiated murine embryonic F9 cells to show that variations in the conditions of storage of chromosome preparations can lead to a sharp reduction of labeling intensity and even disappearance of the fluorescence signal in centromeric heterochromatin. Using the developed method, we discovered asymmetric methylation of sister chromatids in F9 cells and in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. This phenomena can lead to asymmetric cell division and asymmetric transcriptional status in daughter cells. Thus, the modified methodology for detection of 5-methyl cytosine in situ can provide for a more precise assessment of methylation of chromosomes and chromosomal regions.

Assessment of the Need for Rescue Forces during Destructive Earthquakes (a Case Study of Armenia)

Abstract: Using international experience and the lessons of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, specific approaches and recommendations are proposed for the rapid forecasting of important data on destructive earthquakes during the assessment stage in Armenia. These are necessary for organizing rescue operations. These data include determination of the position and size of the destruction zone and the most affected populated areas; determination of possible damage to the most common types of residential buildings in the disaster zone, etc.; estimation of casualties and the affected population; determination of the approximate number of people left homeless; determination of damaged lifelines; etc. Based on these data, approaches and estimates are proposed for preliminary calculations of the necessary rescue forces and equipment (rescuers and heavy rescue equipment, medical personnel, medicines and medical equipment, etc.) and rescue and recovery operations (water, electricity, gas supply lines, electronic communications, transport) in the destruction zone.

Cells of rhabdomyosarcoma PA-23 tumor clones with high and low metastatic potential differ by activity of lysosomal sialidase.

Abstract: We studied activity of lysosomal sialidase in cells of rhabdomyosarcoma PA-23 tumor clones with high and low metastatic potential. Low activity of lysosomal sialidase was found in clones characterized by high metastatic potential.

Thermal explosion in a batch reactor charged with a liquid–solid heterogeneous system

Abstract: The characteristics of a thermal explosion in an ideal mixing batch reactor charged with a liquid–solid heterogeneous system are studied. The reactor initially contains both phases. The solid reagent dissolves and reacts in the liquid phase. A strong dependence of the critical value of the Semenov parameter on the dimensionless time of complete dissolution of the solid reagent is established. It is shown that, at short times of complete dissolution, the critical value of the Semenov parameter is practically independent on this time, and the thermal explosion occurs as in a homogeneous system, according to Semenov theory. The heterogeneous properties of the reaction system manifest themselves only at long times of complete dissolution.