Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations

About: Russian Ministry of the Emergency Situations is a government organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Combustion & Liquid crystal. The organization has 218 authors who have published 172 publications receiving 453 citations. The organization is also known as: Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.

Distance learning as both a crisis and window of opportunity in student’s perception at Siberian universities

Abstract: The relevance of the topic is related to the need of understanding the positive and negative effects of universities transitioning to distance learning. They should be taken into account in the management of the process of digitalization of education. The aim of this article is to study the perception of students of Siberian universities of the transition to distance learning in 2020. The novelty of our approach to the study of this problem is the use of theoretical premises of the phenomenological paradigm and the ethnomethodological approach. This approach allows revealing the representations of distance learning in the personal reality of students as participants in the educational process. The research method is a semi-formalized in-depth interview. This study involved full-time 2nd-4th year students of three universities of the Krasnoyarsk Region. A total of 24 interviews were conducted. The results show that the majority of students perceived the emergency transition to distance learning as a crisis. The conditions of distance learning came into conflict with the subjective meanings and expectations of students in relation to the educational process. Students express negative assessments of the abrupt transition to distance learning, talk about a decrease in educational motivation, a sense of social deprivation after switching to distance learning. The respondents’ answers indicate the experience of anomie, the blurring of student identity, and the sense of losing the meaning of the educational process. Students with an increased level of subjectivity in educational activities more positively perceived the transition to distance learning and saw in it new opportunities for self-development. They have a higher level of internal motivation to achieve personal educational results, and are able to effectively organize their activities in the context of distance learning. In the course of distance learning, most students have become accustomed to this format: there has been a restructuring of everyday practices, the formation of new dispositions that organize educational activities. Despite this, all respondents consider distance learning as an auxiliary format that complements the traditional classroom form of organizing the educational process. This indicates that at present, digital learning technologies are poorly integrated into the system of higher education, which, according to the authors, has become the main factor in students’ experience of the transition to distance learning as a crisis phenomenon.

Nanoscale Nickel-Containing Powders for Use in CO and NO 2 Gas Sensors

Abstract: This paper investigates the physicochemical characteristics and gas-sensitivity mechanisms of nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) obtained by levitation-jet synthesis LJS). Properties of synthesized materials were examined using various spectroscopic methods. XPS showed that the presence of Ni3+ ions in samples reduced significantly with an increase in the specific surface area of the powders and a decrease in the average diameter of their particles. In this regard, it can be concluded that the number of uncompensated Ni2+ vacancies in such samples also decreases and the concentration of O2– vacancies, on the contrary, increases significantly. The Raman spectra of nanoscale NiO lacked a magnon band, which is usually observed at v = 1500 cm–1, whereas the spectrum of nanoferrite sample had a pronounced 2M band, which indicates an increase in spin correlation. According to the analysis of UV spectra of the samples, there is an increase in reflectivity values with an increase in wavelength for large nanoparticles when compared to the corresponding values for small particles. In this regard, we suggested that Ni-based oxide nanoparticles are semiconductors with an indirect transition to band-gap energy, and this is in sharp contrast to the data obtained earlier by other researchers. The gas sensitivity of nanoscale powders was investigated in relation to carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide at operating temperatures of 350–500°C. An evaluation of the results made it possible to conclude that the operating characteristics of the sensors that we propose are superior in a number of parameters to the similar characteristics of sensors made of commercial powders, as well as of powders obtained by other synthetic methods.

Application of a by-product in the production of pressed baker yeast for separating rubber from latex

Abstract: Synthetic rubbers are the most common polymers. They are widely used in the production of a wide variety of products. The requirements for the quality of the obtained polymers constantly are increasing with a corresponding reduction in the cost and environmental tension of these industries. One of the effective areas that allow the production of synthetic rubbers to meet the requirements is the search and application of new technologies for the manufacture of emulsion rubbers. One of the problematic stages in the production of emulsion rubbers is their isolation from latex. Agents that reduce the stability of latex dispersions have low resistance to biological oxidation and are capable of chemically binding the components of the emulsion system, as well as being almost completely removed from wastewater discharged to treatment plants, used to solve this problem. The work presents the results of the use of fertile, a by-product of the production of pressed baker's yeast, in the technology of styrene-butadiene rubbers production. Its effect on the process of isolation of rubber SKS-30 ARC from latex has been studied. The costs of acidifying and coagulating agents have been determined. The effect of pH medium on the process of rubber isolation from latex at various dosages of fertile has been studied. Rubber compounds based on rubber SKS-30 ARC have been prepared using standard components and they have been vulcanized. The resulting vulcanizates in terms of performance have met all the requirements.