Tehran University of Medical Sciences

About: Tehran University of Medical Sciences is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 35661 authors who have published 57234 publications receiving 878523 citations. The organization is also known as: TUMS.

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of berberis species.

Abstract: The genus Berberis (Berberidaceae) includes about 500 species worldwide, some of which are widely cultivated in the north-eastern regions of Iran. This genus consists of spiny deciduous evergreen shrubs, characterized by yellow wood and flowers. The cultivation of seedless barberry in South Khorasan goes back to two hundred years ago. Medicinal properties for all parts of these plants have been reported, including: Antimicrobial, antiemetic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, sedative, anti-cholinergic, cholagogic, anti-leishmaniasis, and anti-malaria. The main compounds found in various species of Berberis, are berberine and berbamine. Phytochemical analysis of various species of this genus revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, sterols and triterpenes. Although there are some review articles on Berberis vulgaris (as the most applied species), there is no review on the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of other well-known species of the genus Berberis. For this reason, the present review mainly focused on the diverse secondary metabolites of various species of this genus and the considerable pharmacological and biological activities together with a concise story of the botany and cultivation.

Anosmia as a prominent symptom of COVID-19 infection.

Abstract: According to WHO recommendations, everyone must protect themselves against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which will also protect others. Due to the lack of current effective treatment and vaccine for COVID-19, screening, rapid diagnosis and isolation of the patients are essential (1, 2). Therefore, identifying the early symptoms of COVID-19 is of particular importance and is a health system priority. Early studies from COVID-19 outbreak in China have illustrated several non-specific signs and symptoms in infected patients, including fever, dry cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, lymphopenia, and radiographic evidence of pneumonia (3, 4). Recently, a probability of association between COVID-19 and altered olfactory function has been reported in South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, UK and the United States (5-8). However, to our knowledge, the definite association between COVID-19 and anosmia has not been published.

The role of anticholinergics in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of anticholinergics in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by a systematic review of published reports and a meta-analysis of the reported outcomes. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases (1966-2006), and hand-searched relevant reference lists and conference proceedings, for studies on the use of anticholinergics in men with BPH or bladder outlet obstruction. Eligible studies were assessed for quality and foreign language studies were translated. We collected data on all reported outcomes, conducted meta- analyses on the maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) and volume at first contraction, and calculated the acute urinary retention (AUR) rate. We used sensitivity analysis to confirm the findings. RESULTS: We identified five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 15 observational studies. Four RCTs incorporating 633 patients were included in the meta-analyses. Anticholinergics did not significantly alter Q(max) (0.1 mL/s, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.6-0.7). The PVR was increased by 11.6 mL (95% CI 4.5-18.6) although there was no significant difference between AUR rates. The total International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) were not significantly different, but there were improvements for IPSS storage subscores in one RCT. The AUR rate was 0.3% at the 12-week follow-up in 365 men in the RCTs and observational studies. CONCLUSION: Anticholinergic use in men with LUTS suggestive of BPH appears to be safe. Further studies are required to establish efficacy with a suitable precision.

The assessment of osteoporosis risk factors in Iranian women compared with Indian women

Abstract: Osteoporosis is an important public health problem in older adults It is more common in postmenopausal women and not only gives rise to morbidity but also markedly diminishes the quality of life in this population There is lack of information about the risk factor of osteoporosis in developing countries In this study we aimed to assess the risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women from selected BMD centers of two developing Asian countries (Iran and India) This study is a multicenter interview-based study conducted in selected hospitals and health centers from urban areas in Iran and India The case group included postmenopausal osteoporotic women who were identified as patients with bone density higher than 25 SD below average of young normal bone density (in L1–L4) spine region interest and/or total femoral region) by using DEXA method The controls were chosen from postmenopausal women with normal bone density (in L1–L4 spine and total femoral regions using DEXA method) matching in age groups was strategy of choice The sample sizes included from Iran a total of 363 subjects (178 osteoporotic and 185 normal) and from India a total of 354 subjects (203 osteoporotic and 151 normal) The significant (p < 005) risk factors in present study population with their Odds Ratios (in parenthesis, respectively in Iran and India) were as follow: Lower education defined as less than class 12 or nil college (21) (27), duration of menopause greater than 5 years: (22) (14), Menarche age (after 14 years): (19) (16), Menopause age (before 45 years): (11) (2), Parity more than 3: (11) (1), Bone and joint problem (23) (22) Calcium supplementation (06) and HRT (04) were shown as protective factors and steroid therapy (33) was found as a risk factor in Iran Calcium supplementation more than 1 year (03) was shown as a protective factor in India Pure vegetarianism: (22) and Red meat consumption more than 4 times per week (14) was shown as a risk factor in Indian and Iranian subjects respectively Regular consumption of Soya (03), almond (05), fish (05), fruits (04) and milk tea 4 cups per day and more (04) appeared to be significant protective factors in India Regular consumption of cheese (05), milk (05), chicken (04), egg (06), fruit (04), tea 7 cups per day and more (03) were found to be significant protective factors in Iran Exercises were shown as protective factor in Iran (04) and India (04) There were no significant differences in association of risk factors and osteoporosis between Iranian and Indian subjects Osteoporosis in Iranian and Indian subjects also appears to be associated with several known risk factors that well described in the literature There were no significant differences in association of risk factors and osteoporosis between Iranian and Indian subjects It was shown a protective role of certain nutritional dietary components and also exercises in both populations and can be exploited in preventive educational strategies on osteoporosis in these populations