Institution
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Education•Tehran, Iran•
About: Tehran University of Medical Sciences is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 35661 authors who have published 57234 publications receiving 878523 citations. The organization is also known as: TUMS.
Topics: Population, Medicine, Cancer, Randomized controlled trial, Health care
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Corticosteroids may reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 and ARDS and Randomized controlled trials in CAP suggest that corticosteroid may reduce deaths, and may increase hyperglycemia.
Abstract: Background: Very little direct evidence exists on use of corticosteroids in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indirect evidence from related conditions must therefore inform inferences regarding benefits and harms. To support a guideline for managing COVID-19, we conducted systematic reviews examining the impact of corticosteroids in COVID-19 and related severe acute respiratory illnesses. Methods: We searched standard international and Chinese biomedical literature databases and prepublication sources for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing corticosteroids versus no corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). For acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), influenza and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we updated the most recent rigorous systematic review. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to pool relative risks and then used baseline risk in patients with COVID-19 to generate absolute effects. Results: In ARDS, according to 1 small cohort study in patients with COVID-19 and 7 RCTs in non–COVID-19 populations (risk ratio [RR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55 to 0.93, mean difference 17.3% fewer; low-quality evidence), corticosteroids may reduce mortality. In patients with severe COVID-19 but without ARDS, direct evidence from 2 observational studies provided very low-quality evidence of an increase in mortality with corticosteroids (hazard ratio [HR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.29, mean difference 11.9% more), as did observational data from influenza studies. Observational data from SARS and MERS studies provided very low-quality evidence of a small or no reduction in mortality. Randomized controlled trials in CAP suggest that corticosteroids may reduce mortality (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.98, 3.1% lower; very low-quality evidence), and may increase hyperglycemia. Interpretation: Corticosteroids may reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 and ARDS. For patients with severe COVID-19 but without ARDS, evidence regarding benefit from different bodies of evidence is inconsistent and of very low quality.
163 citations
••
TL;DR: Results show that 5.1g b.i.d. of psyllium for persons with type II diabetes is safe, well tolerated, and improves glycemic control.
163 citations
••
TL;DR: Alopecia areata is a disorder that results in nonscarring hair loss, and the psychological impact can be significant, leading to feelings of depression and social isolation.
Abstract: Background Alopecia areata is a disorder that results in nonscarring hair loss. The psychological impact can be significant, leading to feelings of depression and social isolation. Objectives In this article, we seek to review the pathophysiological mechanisms proposed in recent years in a narrative fashion. Methods We searched MEDLINE and Scopus for articles related to alopecia areata, with a particular emphasis on its pathogenesis. Results The main theory of alopecia areata pathogenesis is that it is an autoimmune phenomenon resulting from a disruption in hair follicle immune privilege. What causes this breakdown is an issue of debate. Some believe that a stressed hair follicle environment triggers antigen presentation, while others blame a dysregulation in the central immune system entangling the follicles. Evidence for the latter theory is provided by animal studies, as well investigations around the AIRE gene. Different immune-cell lines including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells and T cells, along with key molecules such as interferon-γ, interleukin-15, MICA and NKG2D, have been identified as contributing to the autoimmune process. Conclusions Alopecia areata remains incurable, although it has been studied for years. Available treatment options at best are beneficial for milder cases, and the rate of relapse is high. Understanding the exact mechanisms of hair loss in alopecia areata is therefore of utmost importance to help identify potential therapeutic targets.
163 citations
••
Boston Children's Hospital1, University of Tampere2, University of Debrecen3, Odense University Hospital4, Leiden University Medical Center5, University of Naples Federico II6, Tehran University of Medical Sciences7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens8, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague9, Sapienza University of Rome10, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital11, Tel Aviv University12, Medical University of Graz13, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc14, Ghent University Hospital15, Queen Mary University of London16, Medical University of Warsaw17, University of Zagreb18, The Catholic University of America19, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services20, Children's Medical Center of Dallas21, University of Graz22, University of Cambridge23, Rabin Medical Center24, University of Bonn25
TL;DR: Children can be accurately diagnosed with celiac disease without biopsy analysis, and a positive predictive value (PPV) above 99% in clinical practice is validated.
163 citations
••
TL;DR: This review summarizes the recent researches on nanofibers for drug delivery systems and controlled drug release, tissue-engineered scaffolds, dressings for wound healing, biosensors, biomedical devices, medical implants, skin care, as well as air, water, and blood purification systems.
Abstract: Unique features of nanofibers provide enormous potential in the field of biomedical and healthcare applications. Many studies have proven the extreme potential of nanofibers in front of current challenges in the medical and healthcare field. This review highlights the nanofiber technologies, unique properties, fabrication techniques (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological methods), and emerging applications in biomedical and healthcare fields. It summarizes the recent researches on nanofibers for drug delivery systems and controlled drug release, tissue-engineered scaffolds, dressings for wound healing, biosensors, biomedical devices, medical implants, skin care, as well as air, water, and blood purification systems. Attention is given to different types of fibers (e.g., mesoporous, hollow, core-shell nanofibers) fabricated from various materials and their potential biomedical applications.
163 citations
Authors
Showing all 35946 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Graeme J. Hankey | 137 | 844 | 143373 |
Paul D.P. Pharoah | 130 | 794 | 71338 |
Jerome Ritz | 120 | 644 | 47987 |
Reza Malekzadeh | 118 | 900 | 139272 |
Robert N. Weinreb | 117 | 1124 | 59101 |
Javad Parvizi | 111 | 969 | 51075 |
Omid C. Farokhzad | 110 | 329 | 64226 |
Ali Mohammadi | 106 | 1149 | 54596 |
Alexander R. Vaccaro | 102 | 1179 | 39346 |
John R. Speakman | 95 | 667 | 34484 |
Philip J. Devereaux | 94 | 443 | 110428 |
Rafael Lozano | 94 | 265 | 126513 |
Mohammad Abdollahi | 90 | 1045 | 35531 |
Ingmar Skoog | 89 | 458 | 28998 |
Morteza Mahmoudi | 83 | 334 | 26229 |