University of Bath

About: University of Bath is a education organization based out in Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 15830 authors who have published 39608 publications receiving 1358769 citations. The organization is also known as: Bath University.

Amidines, isothioureas, and guanidines as nucleophilic catalysts.

Abstract: Over the last ten years there has been a huge increase in development and applications of organocatalysis in which the catalyst acts as a nucleophile. Amidines and guanidines are often only thought of as strong organic bases however, a number of small molecules containing basic functional groups have been shown to act as efficient nucleophilic catalysts. This tutorial review highlights the use of amidine, guanidine, and related isothiourea catalysts in organic synthesis, as well as the evidence for the nucleophilic nature of these catalysts. The most common application of these catalysts to date has been in acyl transfer reactions, although the application of these catalysts towards other reactions is an increasing area of interest. In this respect, amidine and guanidine derived catalysts have been shown to be effective in catalysing aldol reactions, Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions, conjugate additions, carbonylations, methylations, silylations, and brominations.

The cancer chemopreventive actions of phytochemicals derived from glucosinolates

Abstract: This article reviews the mechanisms by which glucosinolate breakdown products are thought to inhibit carcinogenesis. It describes how isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, nitriles, cyano-epithioalkanes and indoles are produced from glucosinolates through the actions of myrosinase, epithiospecifier protein and epithiospecifier modifier protein released from cruciferous vegetables during injury to the plant. The various biological activities displayed by these phytochemicals are described. In particular, their abilities to induce cytoprotective genes, mediated by the Nrf2 (NF-E2 related factor 2) and AhR (arylhydrocarbon receptor) transcription factors, and their abilities to repress NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) activity, inhibit histone deacetylase, and inhibit cytochrome P450 are outlined. Isothiocyanates appear to alter gene expression through modification of critical thiols in regulatory proteins such as Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) or IKK (IκB kinase), causing activation of Nrf2 and inactivation of NF-κB, respectively. Certain indoles act as ligands for AhR. Isothiocyanates and indoles are also capable of affecting cell cycle arrest and stimulating apoptosis. The mechanisms responsible for these anti-proliferative responses are discussed.

Constructing expert knowledge: A case study of a top-level professional soccer coach

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of some of the ways in which one elite soccer coach has constructed, and continues to construct, his professional knowledge. By adopting a life-story approach the paper problematises the predominant rationality of much existing coaching research and questions the role of coach education programmes in the development of coaching knowledge. To accomplish this, the paper focuses on the life events of Steve Harrison, a 48-year-old professional soccer coach who currently works at Middlesborough Football Club. Specifically, it illustrates some of the dimensions of the dynamic social construction of coaching knowledge in a highly challenging, competitive environment. The paper is organised into three sections. In the first section, a rationale for a focus on coaches' knowledge is followed by a brief overview of the life-story method as used in this study. Second, Steve's story is presented, drawing upon excerpts from field-notes, interview transcr...

An Analysis of Corporate Donations: United Kingdom Evidence

Abstract: Drawing a framework from stakeholder theory, this study uses 1994 data drawn from 100 United Kingdom listed companies to test empirically whether the level of discretionary donations made by companies to charitable, social and political causes is related to four company-specific factors, namely leverage, company size, profitability and ownership structure Consistent with our hypotheses, the results indicate that the decision to contribute funds to charities and other bodies is positively related to company size and profitability and negatively related to leverage However, the study provides no support for the view that there is a link between discretionary donations and a company's ownership structure