University of Duisburg-Essen

About: University of Duisburg-Essen is a education organization based out in Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 16072 authors who have published 39972 publications receiving 1109199 citations.

Machine perfusion versus cold storage for preservation of kidneys from expanded criteria donors after brain death

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the possible effects of machine perfusion (MP) versus cold storage (CS) on delayed graft function (DGF) and early graft survival in expanded criteria donor kidneys (ECD). As part of the previously reported international randomized controlled trial 91 consecutive heart-beating deceased ECDs--defined according to the United Network of Organ Sharing definition--were included in the study. From each donor one kidney was randomized to MP and the contralateral kidney to CS. All recipients were followed for 1 year. The primary endpoint was DGF. Secondary endpoints included primary nonfunction and graft survival. DGF occurred in 27 patients in the CS group (29.7%) and in 20 patients in the MP group (22%). Using the logistic regression model MP significantly reduced the risk of DGF compared with CS (OR 0.460, P=0.047). The incidence of nonfunction in the CS group (12%) was four times higher than in the MP group (3%) (P=0.04). One-year graft survival was significantly higher in machine perfused kidneys compared with cold stored kidneys (92.3% vs. 80.2%, P=0.02). In the present study, MP preservation clearly reduced the risk of DGF and improved 1-year graft survival and function in ECD kidneys. (Current Controlled Trials number: ISRCTN83876362).

Including gaming disorder in the ICD-11: The need to do so from a clinical and public health perspective.

Abstract: The proposed introduction of gaming disorder (GD) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) has led to a lively debate over the past year. Besides the broad support for the decision in the academic press, a recent publication by van Rooij et al. (2018) repeated the criticism raised against the inclusion of GD in ICD-11 by Aarseth et al. (2017). We argue that this group of researchers fails to recognize the clinical and public health considerations, which support the WHO perspective. It is important to recognize a range of biases that may influence this debate; in particular, the gaming industry may wish to diminish its responsibility by claiming that GD is not a public health problem, a position which maybe supported by arguments from scholars based in media psychology, computer games research, communication science, and related disciplines. However, just as with any other disease or disorder in the ICD-11, the decision whether or not to include GD is based on clinical evidence and public health needs. Therefore, we reiterate our conclusion that including GD reflects the essence of the ICD and will facilitate treatment and prevention for those who need it.

Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Abstract: Objective To systematically assess the potential association of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) with emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Methods The databases EMBase, Google Scholar, Medline, and PsycINFO (through April 2010) and the reference sections of original studies were searched for eligible studies. Eligible studies were cohort or case–control studies that assessed at least one type of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in childhood or adulthood in patients with FMS and in controls. Two authors independently extracted descriptive, quality, and outcome data from included studies. Methodologic quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled across studies by using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistics. Results The search identified 18 eligible case–control studies with 13,095 subjects. There were significant associations between FMS and self-reported physical abuse in childhood (OR 2.49 [95% CI 1.81–3.42], I2 = 0%; 9 studies) and adulthood (OR 3.07 [95% CI 1.01–9.39], I2 = 79%; 3 studies), and sexual abuse in childhood (OR 1.94 [95% CI 1.36–2.75], I2 = 20%; 10 studies) and adulthood (OR 2.24 [95% CI 1.07–4.70], I2 = 64%; 4 studies). Study quality was mostly poor. Low study quality was associated with higher effect sizes for sexual abuse in childhood, but not with other effect sizes. Conclusion The association of FMS with physical and sexual abuse could be confirmed, but is confounded by study quality.

Differential depth distribution of microbial function and putative symbionts through sediment-hosted aquifers in the deep terrestrial subsurface

Abstract: An enormous diversity of previously unknown bacteria and archaea has been discovered recently, yet their functional capacities and distributions in the terrestrial subsurface remain uncertain. Here, we continually sampled a CO2-driven geyser (Colorado Plateau, Utah, USA) over its 5-day eruption cycle to test the hypothesis that stratified, sandstone-hosted aquifers sampled over three phases of the eruption cycle have microbial communities that differ both in membership and function. Genome-resolved metagenomics, single-cell genomics and geochemical analyses confirmed this hypothesis and linked microorganisms to groundwater compositions from different depths. Autotrophic Candidatus "Altiarchaeum sp." and phylogenetically deep-branching nanoarchaea dominate the deepest groundwater. A nanoarchaeon with limited metabolic capacity is inferred to be a potential symbiont of the Ca. "Altiarchaeum". Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria are also present in the deepest groundwater and they are relatively abundant in water from intermediate depths. During the recovery phase of the geyser, microaerophilic Fe- and S-oxidizers have high in situ genome replication rates. Autotrophic Sulfurimonas sustained by aerobic sulfide oxidation and with the capacity for N2 fixation dominate the shallow aquifer. Overall, 104 different phylum-level lineages are present in water from these subsurface environments, with uncultivated archaea and bacteria partitioned to the deeper subsurface.

EssenCES, a short questionnaire for assessing the social climate of forensic psychiatric wards

Abstract: Background A supportive ward atmosphere is considered by many to be a precondition for successful treatment in forensic psychiatry, but there is a clear need for a valid and economic climate evaluation instrument. Aims To validate a short questionnaire, designed for assessing forensic psychiatric wards. Climate dimensions measured with the ‘Essen Climate Evaluation Schema’ (EssenCES) are ‘Therapeutic Hold’, ‘Patients' Cohesion and Mutual Support’ and ‘Safety’ (versus threat of aggression and violence). Method In 17 forensic mental hospitals in Germany, patients and staff completed the EssenCES and other questionnaires. Problematic events were recorded over a period of 3 weeks on each ward. Results The anticipated three factor structure of the instrument was confirmed. The pattern of correlations also provided support for the validity of the subscales. Conclusions The climate questionnaire is an economic and valid instrument for assessing the ward atmosphere in forensic psychiatry. Findings from a pilot study in England give confidence to the structural validity of the English version too. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.