University of Guelph

About: University of Guelph is a education organization based out in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 26542 authors who have published 50553 publications receiving 1715255 citations. The organization is also known as: U of G & Guelph University.

The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum)

Abstract: The anaesthetic effects of clove-oil-derived eugenol were studied in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Acute lethality and the effects of multiple exposures to eugenol were measured. The estimated 8-96 h LC50 for eugenol was found to be approximately 9 p.p.m. Times to induction and recovery from anaesthesia were measured and compared with MS-222 under similar conditions. Eugenol generally induced anaesthesia faster and at lower concentrations than MS-222. The recovery times for fish exposed to eugenol were six to 10 times longer than in those exposed to similar concentrations of MS-222. Clove oil eugenol was determined to be an acceptable anaesthetic with potential for use in aquaculture and aquatic research. Doses of 40-60 p.p.m. eugenol were found to induce rapid anaesthesia with a relatively short time for recovery in juvenile trout.

Lag as a determinant of human performance in interactive systems

Abstract: The sources of lag (the delay between input action and output response) and its effects on human performance are discussed. We measured the effects in a study of target acquisition using the classic Fitts' law paradigm with the addition of four lag conditions. At the highest lag tested (225 ms), movement times and error rates increased by 64% and 214% respectively, compared to the zero lag condition. We propose a model according to which lag should have a multiplicative effect on Fitts' index of difficulty. The model accounts for 94% of the variance and is better than alternative models which propose only an additive effect for lag. The implications for the design of virtual reality systems are discussed.

Leadership: Why gender and culture matter.

Abstract: For decades, understanding of leadership has been largely based on the results of studies carried out on White men in the United States. We review major theories and models of leadership as they pertain to either gender or culture. We focus on 3 approaches to leadership: trait (including leadership categorization or implicit leadership theory), behavioral (including the two-factor, transformational-transactional leadership, and leader-member exchange models), and contingency (i.e., contingency model of leadership effectiveness and normative decision making). We discuss how dynamics related to either culture or gender (e.g., stereotypes and schemas, ingroup-outgroup interaction, role expectations, power and status differentials) can have an important impact on many aspects of leadership.

Canadian streamflow trend detection: impacts of serial and cross-correlation

Abstract: The nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test has been widely applied to assess the significance of trends in hydrological time series. It is known that the existence of serial correlation in a time series will affect the ability of the test to assess the site significance of a trend; and the presence of cross-correlation among sites in a network will influence the ability of the test to evaluate the field significance of trends over the network. This study proposes to use a trend-free pre-whitening (TFPW) procedure to remove serial correlation from time series, and hence to eliminate the effect of serial correlation on the MK test. An additional bootstrap test with preserving the cross-correlation structure of a network is proposed to assess the field significance of upward and downward trends over the network separately. At the significance level of 0.05, the site significance of trends in Canadian annual minimum, mean, and maximum daily streamflows with 30-, 40- and 50-year records was ...