Institution
University of Michigan
Education•Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States•
About: University of Michigan is a education organization based out in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Chemistry. The organization has 138538 authors who have published 342338 publications receiving 17638979 citations. The organization is also known as: UMich & UM.
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01 Feb 1992TL;DR: In this paper, a study of political attitudes among women who attended Bennington College in the 1930s and 1940s now spans five decades, from late adolescence to old age, using data from National Election Studies for comparison.
Abstract: The culmination of one of the most famous long-term studies in American sociology, this examination of political attitudes among women who attended Bennington College in the 1930s and 1940s now spans five decades, from late adolescence to old age. Theodore Newcomb s 1930s interviews at Bennington, where the faculty held progressive views that contrasted with those of the conservative families of the students, showed that political orientations are still quite malleable in early adulthood. The studies in 1959-60 and 1984 show the persistence of political attitudes over the adult life span: the Bennington women, raised in conservative homes, were liberalized in their college years and have remained politically involved and liberal in their views, even in their sixties and seventies. Here the authors analyze the earlier studies and then introduce the 1984 data. Using data from National Election Studies for comparison, they show that the Bennington group is more liberal and hold its opinions more intensely than both older and younger Americans, with the exception of the generation that achieved political maturity in the 1960s. The authors point out that the majority of the Bennington women s children are of this 1945 54 generation and suggest that this factor played an important role in the stability of the women s political views. Within their own generation, the Bennington women also appear to hold stronger political views than other college-educated women. Innovative in its methodology and extremely rich in its data, this work will contribute to developmental and social psychology, sociology, political science, women s studies, and gerontology."
296 citations
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TL;DR: Tubule cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation can have persistent energy deficits associated with complex I dysfunction for substantial periods of time before onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition and/or loss of cytochrome c.
Abstract: Kidney proximal tubule cells developed severe energy deficits during hypoxia/reoxygenation not attributable to cellular disruption, lack of purine precursors, the mitochondrial permeability transition, or loss of cytochrome c. Reoxygenated cells showed decreased respiration with complex I substrates, but minimal or no impairment with electron donors at complexes II and IV. This was accompanied by diminished mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The energy deficit, respiratory inhibition, and loss of ΔΨm were strongly ameliorated by provision of α-ketoglutarate plus aspartate (αKG/ASP) supplements during either hypoxia or only during reoxygenation. Measurements of 13C-labeled metabolites in [3-13C]aspartate-treated cells indicated the operation of anaerobic pathways of αKG/ASP metabolism to generate ATP, yielding succinate as end product. Anaerobic metabolism of αKG/ASP also mitigated the loss of ΔΨm that occurred during hypoxia before reoxygenation. Rotenone, but not antimycin or oligomycin, prevented this effect, indicating that electron transport in complex I, rather than F1F0-ATPase activity, had been responsible for maintenance of ΔΨm by the substrates. Thus, tubule cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation can have persistent energy deficits associated with complex I dysfunction for substantial periods of time before onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition and/or loss of cytochrome c. The lesion can be prevented or reversed by citric acid cycle metabolites that anaerobically generate ATP by intramitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation and maintain ΔΨm via electron transport in complex I. Utilization of these anaerobic pathways of mitochondrial energy metabolism known to be present in other mammalian tissues may provide strategies to limit mitochondrial dysfunction and allow cellular repair before the onset of irreversible injury by ischemia or hypoxia.
296 citations
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TL;DR: This paper found that while general ethnocentrism dominates economic concerns in explanations of Whites' immigration policy opinions, attitudes toward Latinos in particular account for nearly all of the impact of ethnocentricism since 1994, suggesting the media shaping of policy opinion around this group may be driven by realworld demographic patterns.
Abstract: General ethnocentrism seems to be a powerful antecedent of immigration opinion, typically displaying larger effects than economic concerns. News about immigration, however, may focus attention on a particular group in a given historical moment. We predict group-specific affect, not general ethnocentrism, should most powerfully shape immigration policy opinion in the contemporary United States. We test this expectation with content analyses of news coverage, survey data from 1992 to 2008, a survey experiment, and official statistics. First, we find that mentions of Latinos in news coverage of immigration outpace mentions of other groups beginning in 1994, the year when Proposition 187, a proposal in California to end most social welfare and educational assistance to illegal immigrants, garnered significant national attention. Second, while ethnocentrism dominates economic concerns in explanations of Whites' immigration policy opinions, attitudes toward Latinos in particular account for nearly all of the impact of ethnocentrism since 1994. Finally, journalistic attention to Latino immigration roughly parallels actual rates of immigration from Latin America, suggesting the media shaping of policy opinion around this group may be driven by real-world demographic patterns.
296 citations
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University of Alabama at Birmingham1, McGill University2, St George's, University of London3, Baylor College of Medicine4, Dartmouth College5, University of Southern Denmark6, Odense University Hospital7, University of Manchester8, University of Michigan9, Research Triangle Park10, GlaxoSmithKline11, University of Liverpool12
TL;DR: Addition of fluticasone furoate to vilanterol was associated with a decreased rate of moderate and severe exacerbations of COPD in patients with a history of exacerbation, but was also associated with an increased pneumonia risk.
296 citations
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University of Chicago1, Pennsylvania State University2, University of California, Berkeley3, University of Wisconsin-Madison4, University of California, Santa Barbara5, Cornell University6, Colorado School of Mines7, National Institute of Standards and Technology8, University of Texas at Austin9, University of Massachusetts Amherst10, Université catholique de Louvain11, University of Maryland, College Park12, University at Buffalo13, Stanford University14, University of Michigan15, Ohio State University16
TL;DR: The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) advanced a new paradigm for materials discovery and design, namely that the pace of new materials deployment could be accelerated through complementary efforts in theory, computation, and experiment as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) advanced a new paradigm for materials discovery and design, namely that the pace of new materials deployment could be accelerated through complementary efforts in theory, computation, and experiment. Along with numerous successes, new challenges are inviting researchers to refocus the efforts and approaches that were originally inspired by the MGI. In May 2017, the National Science Foundation sponsored the workshop “Advancing and Accelerating Materials Innovation Through the Synergistic Interaction among Computation, Experiment, and Theory: Opening New Frontiers” to review accomplishments that emerged from investments in science and infrastructure under the MGI, identify scientific opportunities in this new environment, examine how to effectively utilize new materials innovation infrastructure, and discuss challenges in achieving accelerated materials research through the seamless integration of experiment, computation, and theory. This article summarizes key findings from the workshop and provides perspectives that aim to guide the direction of future materials research and its translation into societal impacts.
296 citations
Authors
Showing all 142736 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Ronald C. Kessler | 274 | 1332 | 328983 |
Graham A. Colditz | 261 | 1542 | 256034 |
George M. Whitesides | 240 | 1739 | 269833 |
Salim Yusuf | 231 | 1439 | 252912 |
Richard A. Flavell | 231 | 1328 | 205119 |
John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Irving L. Weissman | 201 | 1141 | 172504 |
Francis S. Collins | 196 | 743 | 250787 |
Eric B. Rimm | 196 | 988 | 147119 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Craig B. Thompson | 195 | 557 | 173172 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |