Institution
Virginia Commonwealth University
Education•Richmond, Virginia, United States•
About: Virginia Commonwealth University is a education organization based out in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 23822 authors who have published 49587 publications receiving 1787046 citations. The organization is also known as: VCU.
Topics: Population, Health care, Poison control, Medicine, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as well as 5mC in mammalian mtDNA is reported, suggesting that previous studies underestimated the level of cytosine modification in this genome.
Abstract: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been reported to contain 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at CpG dinucleotides, as in the nuclear genome, but neither the mechanism generating mtDNA methylation nor its functional significance is known. We now report the presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as well as 5mC in mammalian mtDNA, suggesting that previous studies underestimated the level of cytosine modification in this genome. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) translocates to the mitochondria, driven by a mitochondrial targeting sequence located immediately upstream of the commonly accepted translational start site. This targeting sequence is conserved across mammals, and the encoded peptide directs a heterologous protein to the mitochondria. DNMT1 is the only member of the three known catalytically active DNA methyltransferases targeted to the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial DNMT1 (mtDNMT1) binds to mtDNA, proving the presence of mtDNMT1 in the mitochondrial matrix. mtDNMT1 expression is up-regulated by NRF1 and PGC1α, transcription factors that activate expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes in response to hypoxia, and by loss of p53, a tumor suppressor known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism. Altered mtDNMT1 expression asymmetrically affects expression of transcripts from the heavy and light strands of mtDNA. Hence, mtDNMT1 appears to be responsible for mtDNA cytosine methylation, from which 5hmC is presumed to be derived, and its expression is controlled by factors that regulate mitochondrial function.
462 citations
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Johns Hopkins University1, University of Washington2, Virginia Commonwealth University3, Medical College of Wisconsin4, University of California, San Diego5, University of Western Ontario6, Mayo Clinic7, Oregon Health & Science University8, University of Ottawa9, National Institutes of Health10, University of Toronto11
TL;DR: Application of an AED in communities is associated with nearly a doubling of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and these results reinforce the importance of strategically expanding community-based AED programs.
458 citations
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Saint Louis University1, Virginia Commonwealth University2, University of Colorado Denver3, University of Southern California4, National Institutes of Health5, University of Michigan6, University of Connecticut7, Veterans Health Administration8, University of California, Irvine9, University of Washington10, Harvard University11
TL;DR: Long-term therapy with peginterferon did not reduce the rate of disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis, with or without cirrhosis, who had not had a response to initial treatment with peganerferon and ribavirin.
Abstract: Background In patients with chronic hepatitis C who do not have a response to antiviral treatment, the disease may progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Whether long-term antiviral therapy can prevent progressive liver disease in such patients remains uncertain. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of peginterferon alfa-2a at a dosage of 90 μg per week for 3.5 years, as compared with no treatment, in 1050 patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis who had not had a response to previous therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin. The patients, who were stratified according to stage of fibrosis (622 with noncirrhotic fibrosis and 428 with cirrhosis), were seen at 3-month intervals and underwent liver biopsy at 1.5 and 3.5 years after randomization. The primary end point was progression of liver disease, as indicated by death, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic decompensation, or, for those with bridging fibrosis at baseline, an increase in the Is...
458 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of a corticosteroid in reducing the short-term mortality of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
Abstract: Study objective To determine the efficacy of a corticosteroid in reducing the short-term mortality of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Setting Four university teaching hospitals. Patients We enrolled 66 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and either spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a discriminant function value greater than 32, calculated using the formula: 4.6 (prothrombin time - control time) + serum bilirubin [in mumol/L]/17.1. Fifty-nine patients (89%) completed the study. Two patients withdrew from the trial. The other 64 patients were hospitalized for the duration of the trial; however, treatment was discontinued in 5 patients because of potential drug toxicity. Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to receive either methylprednisolone (32 mg) or placebo within 7 days of admission. Treatment was given for 28 days. The doses were then tapered over 2 weeks and discontinued. Measurements and main results The endpoint of the study was death. Of the 31 recipients of placebo, 11 (35%) died within 28 days of randomization compared with 2 (6%) of the 35 patients given methylprednisolone (P = 0.006). The 95% CI for the difference in mortality was 12% to 70%. In the patients with spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy at entry, 9 of 19 recipients of placebo died (47%) compared with 1 (7%) of the 14 patients given methylprednisolone (P = 0.02). The 95% CI for the difference in mortality was 14% to 66%. The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed the advantage of methylprednisolone over placebo after adjustment for other potentially important prognostic variables (P = 0.004). Conclusions Methylprednisolone therapy decreases short-term mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis manifested either by spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a markedly elevated discriminant function value.
456 citations
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TL;DR: In patients treated with NC, age, clinical tumor characteristics before NC, and pathologic nodal status/breast tumor response after NC can be used to predict risk for LRR and to optimize the use of adjuvant radiotherapy.
Abstract: Purpose The limited information on predictors of locoregional recurrence (LRR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) has resulted in controversy about the optimal use of adjuvant radiotherapy and the timing of sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patients and Methods We examined patterns and predictors of LRR as first event in combined analysis of two National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) neoadjuvant trials. NC was either doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) alone or AC followed by neoadjuvant/adjuvant docetaxel. Lumpectomy patients received breast radiotherapy alone; mastectomy patients received no radiotherapy. Pathologic complete response was defined as the absence of invasive tumor in the breast. Multivariate analyses were used to identify independent predictors of LRR. The primary end point was time to LRR as first event. Results In 3,088 patients, 335 LRR events had occurred after 10 years of follow-up. The 10-year cumulative incidence of LRR was 12.3% for mastectomy patients (8.9% local; 3....
454 citations
Authors
Showing all 24085 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Ronald C. Kessler | 274 | 1332 | 328983 |
Carlo M. Croce | 198 | 1135 | 189007 |
Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Kenneth S. Kendler | 177 | 1327 | 142251 |
Bernhard O. Palsson | 147 | 831 | 85051 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
Ming T. Tsuang | 140 | 885 | 73865 |
Patrick F. Sullivan | 133 | 594 | 92298 |
Martin B. Keller | 131 | 541 | 65069 |
Michael E. Thase | 131 | 923 | 75995 |
Benjamin F. Cravatt | 131 | 666 | 61932 |
Jian Zhou | 128 | 3007 | 91402 |
Rena R. Wing | 128 | 649 | 67360 |
Linda R. Watkins | 127 | 519 | 56454 |