Institution
Williams College
Education•Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States•
About: Williams College is a education organization based out in Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 2257 authors who have published 5015 publications receiving 213160 citations. The organization is also known as: Williams.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: The authors found that delay-discounting rates are positively correlated with impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse, as measured by self-report questionnaires (p <.05).
Abstract: Fifty-six heroin addicts and 60 age-matched controls were offered choices between monetary rewards ($11-$80) available immediately and larger rewards ($25-$85) available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. Participants had a 1-in-6 chance of winning a reward that they chose on one randomly selected trial. Delay-discounting rates were estimated from the pattern of participants' choices. The discounting model of impulsiveness (Ainslie, 1975) implies that delay-discounting rates are positively correlated with impulsiveness. On average, heroin addicts' discount rates were twice those of controls (p = .004), and discount rates were positively correlated with impulsivity as measured by self-report questionnaires (p < .05). The results lend external validity to the delay-discounting rate as a measure of impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse.
1,636 citations
28 Apr 2010
TL;DR: Hedera is presented, a scalable, dynamic flow scheduling system that adaptively schedules a multi-stage switching fabric to efficiently utilize aggregate network resources and delivers bisection bandwidth that is 96% of optimal and up to 113% better than static load-balancing methods.
Abstract: Today's data centers offer tremendous aggregate bandwidth to clusters of tens of thousands of machines. However, because of limited port densities in even the highest-end switches, data center topologies typically consist of multi-rooted trees with many equal-cost paths between any given pair of hosts. Existing IP multipathing protocols usually rely on per-flow static hashing and can cause substantial bandwidth losses due to long-term collisions.In this paper, we present Hedera, a scalable, dynamic flow scheduling system that adaptively schedules a multi-stage switching fabric to efficiently utilize aggregate network resources. We describe our implementation using commodity switches and unmodified hosts, and show that for a simulated 8,192 host data center, Hedera delivers bisection bandwidth that is 96% of optimal and up to 113% better than static load-balancing methods.
1,602 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that if one can find N + 1 mutually unbiased bases for a complex vector space of N dimensions, then the measurements corresponding to these bases provide an optimal means of determining the density matrix of an ensemble of systems having N orthogonal states.
1,330 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem revealed a large number of exotic species that dominate many habitats in terms of number of species, number of individuals and biomass, and a high and accelerating rate of invasion.
Abstract: Biological invasions are a major global environmental and economic problem. Analysis of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem revealed a large number of exotic species that dominate many habitats in terms of number of species, number of individuals and biomass, and a high and accelerating rate of invasion. These factors suggest that this may be the most invaded estuary in the world. Possible causes include a large number and variety of transport vectors, a depauperate native biota, and extensive natural and anthropogenic disturbance.
1,164 citations
University College London1, University of Cambridge2, University of California, Irvine3, University of Maryland, College Park4, University of Oxford5, Smithsonian Institution6, University of Greifswald7, Max Planck Society8, Imperial College London9, Harvard University10, University of East Anglia11, Mississippi State University12, University of Texas at Austin13, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation14, University of Paris15, California Academy of Sciences16, University of Hawaii17, Williams College18, Yale University19, University of Puerto Rico20, Johns Hopkins University21, North Carolina State University22, University of Bristol23, University of Edinburgh24, Baylor College of Medicine25, Del Rosario University26, University of Exeter27, Boston University28
TL;DR: It is inferred that closely related Heliconius species exchange protective colour-pattern genes promiscuously, implying that hybridization has an important role in adaptive radiation.
Abstract: Sequencing of the genome of the butterfly Heliconius melpomene shows that closely related Heliconius species exchange protective colour-pattern genes promiscuously.
1,103 citations
Authors
Showing all 2291 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alfred Kröner | 101 | 374 | 31665 |
| Gabriel B. Brammer | 91 | 334 | 30335 |
| William M. Tierney | 84 | 423 | 24235 |
| Larry L. Jacoby | 77 | 166 | 25631 |
| David P. DiVincenzo | 71 | 282 | 40038 |
| James T. Carlton | 70 | 197 | 21690 |
| Robert K. Merton | 67 | 190 | 74002 |
| Allen Taylor | 63 | 222 | 16589 |
| John A. Smolin | 63 | 150 | 24657 |
| Qing Wang | 62 | 548 | 17215 |
| Neal I. Lindeman | 62 | 217 | 31462 |
| Michael I. Norton | 60 | 273 | 17597 |
| Charles H. Bennett | 60 | 117 | 67435 |
| Brian D. Fields | 57 | 250 | 63673 |
| Hans C. Oettgen | 57 | 124 | 10056 |