Showing papers in "The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology in 2016"

TL;DR: For women who are already obese, renewed efforts should be made towards improved management during pregnancy, especially of blood glucose, and increased attention to post-partum weight management.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed trends in sales of sugar-sweetened beverages around the world, in terms of calories sold per person per day and volume sold per persons per day, and showed that the four regions with the highest consumption are North America, Latin America, Australasia, and western Europe.

TL;DR: An association between the magnitude of weight loss and incidence of cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes is suggested and a need to continue to refine approaches to identify individuals who are most likely to benefit from lifestyle interventions and to develop strategies to improveThe magnitude of sustained weight loss with lifestyle interventions.

TL;DR: Net protection of SGLT2 inhibitors against cardiovascular outcomes and death is suggested, driven by findings for empagliflozin (the only S GLT2 inhibitor for which data from a dedicated long-term cardiovascular safety trial have been reported), although results for the other drugs in the class were not clearly different.

TL;DR: The combination of decreasing mortality and increasing diabetes prevalence has increased the overall mean years lived with diabetes and could lead to a diversification of diabetes morbidity, including continued high rates of renal disease, ageing-related disability, and cancers.

TL;DR: Puberty markers, epidemiological trends of puberty initiation over time, and the mechanisms whereby genetic, metabolic, and other factors control secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone to determine initiation of puberty are discussed.

TL;DR: The association between high maternal free thyroxine and low child IQ suggests that levothyroxine therapy during pregnancy might carry the potential risk of adverse child neurodevelopment outcomes when the aim of treatment is to achieve high-normal thyroid function test results.

TL;DR: Cushing's syndrome is a serious endocrine disease caused by chronic, autonomous, and excessive secretion of cortisol, which is associated with increased mortality and impaired quality of life because of the occurrence of comorbidities as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: No evidence of improvements in health outcomes was identified, either with or without incentives, calling into question the value of these devices for health promotion.

TL;DR: This Review aims to define a phenotype for severe familial hypercholesterolaemia and identify people at highest risk for cardiovascular disease, based on the concentration of LDL cholesterol in blood and individuals' responsiveness to conventional lipid-lowering treatment.

TL;DR: Exenatide plus dapagliflozin was significantly superior to either drug alone for all secondary efficacy endpoints, with greater reductions in fasting plasma and postprandial glucose, more patients with an HbA1c less than 7·0%.

TL;DR: The incretin effect describes the phenomenon whereby oral glucose elicits higher insulin secretory responses than does intravenous glucose, despite inducing similar levels of glycaemia, in healthy individuals, and not all biological actions elicited by the stimulation of GLP-1 receptors lead to quantitative changes to the incretIn effect.

TL;DR: Current challenges involving the precise diagnosis and adequate treatment of central precocious puberty are described, which remain challenging for paediatric endocrinologists.

TL;DR: Whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycaemia and prevents severe hypoglycaemia compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in this high-risk population is assessed.

TL;DR: Despite allowing for the smaller reductions in LDL cholesterol achieved by patients with more advanced chronic kidney disease, the relative reductions in major vascular events observed with statin-based treatment became smaller as eGFR declined, with little evidence of benefit in patients on dialysis.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests that better glycaemic control might reduce infection risk, but further longitudinal studies with more frequent measures of HbA1c are needed, and robust evidence from cohorts with sufficient numbers of older people would help to develop clinically relevant guidelines and targets.

TL;DR: All individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia should have their lipoprotein(a) measured in order to identify those with the highest concentrations, and as a result, the highest risk of myocardial infarction.

TL;DR: The substantial lifetime risk of prediabetes and diabetes in lean individuals also supports risk factor control in non-obese individuals and emphasises the need for more effective prevention strategies, which should be implemented as soon in a person's life as possible.

TL;DR: A non-significant mean difference of 0·05 (95% CI -0·04 to 0·13) in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) was found to the advantage of the AVS group, associated with a significant increase in mean health-care costs of €2285 per patient.

TL;DR: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study aimed to compare blood pressure and glycaemic effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin with placebo in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

TL;DR: It is shown that 1000 IU of cholecalciferol daily is sufficient to ensure that most pregnant women are vitamin D replete, and it is safe, and these findings support current approaches to vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy.

TL;DR: A long-term intervention with an unrestricted-calorie, high-vegetable-fat Mediterranean diet was associated with decreases in bodyweight and less gain in central adiposity compared with a control diet, lend support to advice not restricting intake of healthy fats for bodyweight maintenance.

TL;DR: Differences from the European Union suggest the need for improved screening for chemical disruption to endocrine systems and proactive prevention.

TL;DR: Clinicians should be aware that BMD measurements underestimate fracture risk in people with type 2 diabetes, and that new treatments for diabetes, with neutral or positive effects on skeletal health, might play a part in the management of diabetes in those at high risk of fracture.

TL;DR: The cumulative burden of microvascular disease significantly affects the risk of future cardiovascular disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: Management of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas should take into account the reported absence of mortality when diagnosed in the absence of lymph node metastases and distant metastases, as shown even in recent studies promoting active surveillance.

TL;DR: The improved mean glycaemia and reduced hypoglycaemia with the bionic pancreas relative to insulin pump therapy in preadolescent children with type 1 diabetes in a diabetes camp setting is a promising finding.

TL;DR: Results of the validation study showed that exclusion of patients with diet only and non-adjustment for lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs resulted in marginal changes in ORs for risk of non-fatal cardiovascular disease in patients with early-onset versus late-onet type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated these factors in Chinese adults over a 14-year period (2000-14) using data from randomised national surveys and found that the prevalence of obesity increased from 8·6% in 2000, to 10·3% in 2005, 12·2% in 2010, and 12·9% in 2014 (estimated increase 0·32% per year, 95% CI 0·30-0·33).

TL;DR: This Personal View focuses on the extreme metabolic phenotypes of metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy normal weight, insulin secretion failure, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.