Biomaterial-driven in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering : a multi-disciplinary perspective
TLDR
The main current challenges for in situ cardiovascular regeneration are pinpointed and further address, namely the achievement of tissue homeostasis, the development of predictive models for long-term performances of the implanted grafts, and the necessity for stratification for successful clinical translation.Abstract:
There is a persistent and growing clinical need for readily-available substitutes for heart valves and small-diameter blood vessels. In situ tissue engineering is emerging as a disruptive new technology, providing ready-to-use biodegradable, cell-free constructs which are designed to induce regeneration upon implantation, directly in the functional site. The induced regenerative process hinges around the host response to the implanted biomaterial and the interplay between immune cells, stem/progenitor cell and tissue cells in the microenvironment provided by the scaffold in the hemodynamic environment. Recapitulating the complex tissue microstructure and function of cardiovascular tissues is a highly challenging target. Therein the scaffold plays an instructive role, providing the microenvironment that attracts and harbors host cells, modulating the inflammatory response, and acting as a temporal roadmap for new tissue to be formed. Moreover, the biomechanical loads imposed by the hemodynamic environment play a pivotal role. Here, we provide a multidisciplinary view on in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering using synthetic scaffolds; starting from the state-of-the art, the principles of the biomaterial-driven host response and wound healing and the cellular players involved, toward the impact of the biomechanical, physical, and biochemical microenvironmental cues that are given by the scaffold design. To conclude, we pinpoint and further address the main current challenges for in situ cardiovascular regeneration, namely the achievement of tissue homeostasis, the development of predictive models for long-term performances of the implanted grafts, and the necessity for stratification for successful clinical translation.read more
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References
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Hyaluronan Biodegradable Scaffold for Small-caliber Artery Grafting: Preliminary Results in an Animal Model
Sandro Lepidi,Franco Grego,Vincenzo Vindigni,Barbara Zavan,C Tonello,Giovanni P. Deriu,Giovanni Abatangelo,Roberta Cortivo +7 more
TL;DR: The hyaluronan-based graft allowed complete regeneration of a newly formed vascular tube in which all the cellular and extracellular components are present and organized in a well defined architecture similar to native artery.
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TL;DR: Collagen production during neovessel formation is characterized by early ECM deposition followed by extensive remodeling, and there was a significant increase in elastin and GAG production at 4 weeks.
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Neoarteries grown in vivo using a tissue-engineered hyaluronan-based scaffold
Barbara Zavan,Vincenzo Vindigni,Sandro Lepidi,Ilaria Iacopetti,Giampiero Avruscio,Giovanni Abatangelo,Roberta Cortivo +6 more
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