Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges
TLDR
The fundamentals of bone tissue engineering are discussed, highlighting the current state of this field, and the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration.Abstract:
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with increased obesity and poor physical activity. Engineered bone tissue has been viewed as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and no disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering practices have not proceeded to clinical practice due to several limitations or challenges. Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells, and factor therapy. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering, highlighting the current state of this field. Further, we review the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration. Specifically, we discuss widely investigated biomaterial scaffolds, micro- and nano-structural properties of these scaffolds, and the incorporation of biomimetic properties and/or growth factors. In addition, we examine various cellular approaches, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and their clinical application strengths and limitations. We conclude by overviewing the challenges that face the bone tissue engineering field, such as the lack of sufficient vascularization at the defect site, and the research aimed at functional bone tissue engineering. These challenges will drive future research in the field.read more
Citations
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Synergistic enhancement of ectopic bone formation by supplementation of freshly isolated marrow cells with purified MSC in collagen–chitosan hydrogel microbeads
TL;DR: Data suggest that components of the BMMC fraction can act synergistically with predifferentiated MSC to potentiate ectopic bone formation, and the microbead system may have utility in delivering desired cell populations in bone regeneration applications.
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Osteogenesis of Multipotent Progenitor Cells using the Epigallocatechin Gallate-Modified Gelatin Sponge Scaffold in the Rat Congenital Cleft-Jaw Model
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that gelatin chemically modified with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major catechin isolated from green tea, can be a useful material to induce bone regeneration in a rat congenial cleft-jaw model in vivo when used with/without adipose-derived stem cells or dedifferentiated fat cells.
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Smart biomaterials: Surfaces functionalized with proteolytically stable osteoblast-adhesive peptides.
TL;DR: The D-2HVP sequence is proposed as new osteoblast adhesive peptide with increased bioactivity and high proteolytic resistance and total internal reflection fluorescence microscope analysis showed cells with numerous filopodia spread on D- 2HVP-functionalized surfaces.
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Genetically Engineered-MSC Therapies for Non-unions, Delayed Unions and Critical-size Bone Defects.
Jaime Freitas,Susana G. Santos,Raquel Gonçalves,José H. Teixeira,Mário A. Barbosa,Maria Inês Almeida +5 more
TL;DR: The most promising molecular candidates for genetic engineering of Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are reviewed and the different methodologies to engineer and deliver MSCs, mainly focusing on in vivo animal studies, are discussed.
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Development and blood compatibility assessment of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol blended with metallocene polyethylene and plectranthus amboinicus (PVA/mPE/PA) for bone tissue engineering.
TL;DR: The prepared nanocomposites exhibited better physico-chemical properties, sufficient porosity, mechanical strength, and blood compatibility, which favors it as a valuable candidate in bone tissue engineering for repairing the bone defects.
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