Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges
TLDR
The fundamentals of bone tissue engineering are discussed, highlighting the current state of this field, and the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration.Abstract:
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with increased obesity and poor physical activity. Engineered bone tissue has been viewed as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and no disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering practices have not proceeded to clinical practice due to several limitations or challenges. Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells, and factor therapy. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering, highlighting the current state of this field. Further, we review the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration. Specifically, we discuss widely investigated biomaterial scaffolds, micro- and nano-structural properties of these scaffolds, and the incorporation of biomimetic properties and/or growth factors. In addition, we examine various cellular approaches, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and their clinical application strengths and limitations. We conclude by overviewing the challenges that face the bone tissue engineering field, such as the lack of sufficient vascularization at the defect site, and the research aimed at functional bone tissue engineering. These challenges will drive future research in the field.read more
Citations
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Fabrication techniques involved in developing the composite scaffolds PCL/HA nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications
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Osteogenic and antibacterial dual functions of a novel levofloxacin loaded mesoporous silica microspheres/nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane composite scaffold
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TL;DR: It is shown that incorporation of carbon nanostructures significantly improves the mechanical properties of various biomaterials to mimic that of natural bone.
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A MSCs-laden polycaprolactone/collagen scaffold for bone tissue regeneration
TL;DR: Images obtained showed that the acceleration of early new bone formation in the cell-laden scaffold was due to the release of osteogenic growth factors and stimulation of the migration and differentiation of host osteoprogenitors caused by MSCs.
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Functionalization of a Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold with Osteostatin to Facilitate Enhanced Bone Regeneration.
Elaine Quinlan,Elaine Quinlan,Emmet M. Thompson,Emmet M. Thompson,Amos Matsiko,Amos Matsiko,Fergal J. O'Brien,Fergal J. O'Brien,Adolfo López-Noriega +8 more
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